Mutaqien Z, Zuhri M (2011) Establishing a long-term permanent plot in remnant forest of Cibodas Botanic Garden,. Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG) has unique characters; almost 10% of which is forested area adjacent to the natural forest of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park. The area is a transition between natural forest and artificial habitat which mostly consists of exotic plant species. The permanent plot in CBG was established in [2007][2008][2009]. Two hundred and eighty four units of 10x10 square meters sub-plot were established in four locations, i.e. Wornojiwo, Kompos, Jalan Akar, and Lumut forest. Vegetation analyses were conducted for trees, saplings, shrubs, and herb species. The inventory found 137 species plants consisting of 74 tree species dominated by Villebrunea rubescens (Bl.) Bl. and Ostodes paniculata Bl., 30 shrub species dominated by Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Steud.), 24 herb species dominated by Cyrtandra picta Bl., 6 fern species mainly consisted of Diplazium pallidum Moore, and 3 climber species dominated by Calamus reinwardtii Mart. In comparison with the natural forest of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park, the CBG permanent plot showed a good representative of the vegetation of lower montane forest. A regular monitoring during the successive years is needed to maintain diversity, monitor forest dynamics and anticipate the spread of invasive plant from CBG.

The role of botanic garden in spread of invasive alien plant species has concerned of international worldwide. The aim of this research was to study the extent to which non-native plant species from Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) invades into natural rainforest of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park that adjacent CBG. A line transect was made edge-to-interior with 1600 m in distance from CBG boundary. Result showed that distance from CBG was not significant in correlation with tree and treelet non-native density. Furthermore, presence of existing CBG's plant collection irregularly responsible for spread of non-native species into natural forest. Three invasive species (Cinchona pubescens, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Cestrum aurantiacum) possibly were escape from CBG and it showed edge-tointerior in stems density. The patterns of other species were influenced by presence of ditch across transect (Brugmansia candida and Solanum torvum), transect location along human trail which facilitate Austroeupatorium inulifolium spread into interior forest, and another non-native species (Solanum macranthum and Toona sinensis) did not have general pattern of spread distribution. Overall, botanical gardens should minimize the risk of unintentional introduced plant by perform site-specific risk assessment.

Cibodas Botanic Garden area is adjacent with natural forest of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park which consequences both vegetation in the border area are influence each other. The aims of this research were to study plant vegetation of forest area adjacent to Cibodas Botanical Garden and compare it with forest interior using transect method. The results showed that species richness in forest interior were higher than adjacent forest area. Furthermore, number of tree species, basal area and Shannon-Wienner diversity index in forest boundaries were higher rather than forest interior. Habitats along the forest edge were inhabited by trees with large dbh and low tree density. While trees inhibited forest interior areas with high density but small in size. The trees in forest interior were dominated by Schima wallichii, Lithocarpus pallidus and Turpinia sphaerocarpa. While trees in the forest boundary vegetation were dominated by Engelhardtia spicata, Litsea firma and Lithocarpus indutus. The tree age structure of forest interior and forest edge showed an inverted J-pattern and flat pattern respectively. Meanwhile, tree communities on edge forest vegetation showed similar age structure, especially in middle diameter class.

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Due to contribution of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation GSPC Botanic Gardens, Cibodas Seed Bank committed to increase its ex situ plant collection through seed banking. This research aimed to assess population and collect seeds from Cibodas remnant forests and its neighboring, Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park forest, for seed banking purpose. Thirty-two numbers of seeds belonging to fifteen families were collected. Two species were included in IUCN red list i.e. Saurauia cauliflora (vulnerable) and Magnolia blumei (least concern) and one species classified as endangered species by World Conservation Monitoring Unit (WCMC) i.e. Pinanga javana. Sixty-five percent population were possible to collect without affecting the availability of the seeds in the nature. Around a half of seeds were collected at natural dispersal stage to ensure the seed maturity. Ninety-one percent collected seeds were expected as orthodox seeds that can be stored in Cibodas Seed Bank and three species were recalcitrant and cannot be stored in Cibodas Seed Bank i.e. Calamus ciliaris, C. reinwardtii and Daemonorops rubra. Cut-test results showed 78% seed collected were full seeds, that were not infested, empty or immature seeds. This study provides information regarding the readiness of population for seed collection and species were collected and stored in Cibodas Seed Bank.

Botanical exploration at Mt. Galunggung protected forest, West Java was conducted in June 2014. This study aimed to collect plant living specimen for ex-situ conservation purpose of Kuningan Botanic Garden and to conduct vegetation analysis in crater area. Random inventory method at 600 -1200 m above sea level was used to collect plant in that area. Vegetation analysis of tree, shrub and herb were used line transect methods. 273 collection numbers of plant living species were collected from Mt. Galunggung, which consist of 213 species, 143 genus and 72 families. Orchidaceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Arecaceae and Lauraceae were the most collected plant families from Mt. Galunggung. In crater area were collected a lot of pioneer plants, such as dawola (Trema cannabina Lour.), paku tiang (Cyathea spp.), nangsi (Villebrunea rubescens (Blume) Blume), muncang cina (Ostodes paniculata Blume), mara (Macaranga tanarius (L.) Mull.Arg.), and kareumbi (Homalanthus populneus (Geiseler) Pax). Furthermore, in secondary remnant forests were collected the typical plants of Java mountains such as saninten (Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC.), puspa (Schima wallichii Choisy) and some of tree seedlings from Lauraceae family. Vegetation affected by eruption in Mt. Galunggung is in early stage of forest succession and still develops to next stage of succession. Tree, shrub and herb in the crater area were dominated by Cyathea contaminans (Wall. Ex Hook.) Copel., Calliandra callothyrsus Meisn., and Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob. with H' was 0.35, 0.22 and 0.30 respectively.

Indonesian biodiversity including the rich flora is facing various threats, including deforestation, habitat degradation, fire, natural disasters and climate change. Many ex situ conservation strategies have been implemented in response to this problem, including the development of new local botanic gardens in each province throughout Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the important role of seed banks in forming part of the botanic gardens’ collections management strategies – they now play an increasingly important role in saving the Indonesian flora from extinction. This study was conducted by undertaking a literature review and analysis of secondary data on the four largest botanic gardens of Indonesia. Currently there are 33 botanic gardens in Indonesia consisting of five national botanic gardens under Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI/Indonesian Institute of Sciences), two botanic gardens under universities and 26 botanic gardens managed by Local Goverments. Among the five national botanic gardens, four manage seed banks: the Seed Bank of the Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens/Bogor Botanic Gardens banks 749 accessions covering 460 species, 305 genera and 114 families; Cibodas Botanic Garden Seed Bank has 61 accessions covering 57 species, 57 genera, 40 families; Purwodadi Botanic Garden Seed Bank has 413 accessions covering 207 species, 134 genera and 46 families; and Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden Seed Bank maintains 132 accessions covering 89 species, 43 genera and 21 families. The Indonesian Botanic Garden Seed Banks thus hold 1,355 accessions in total, covering less than 1% of total Indonesian plant diversity. In order to increase this coverage, Indonesian seed banking capacity needs to be increased, through the technical development of existing seed banks and the engagement of local botanic gardens throughout Indonesia to establish mini seed banks using the community seed bank approach.

Many botanic gardens have been contributing to the achievement of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) through seed banking of wild species. Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG) seed bank as a part of Kew's Millenium Seed Bank Partnership has also been collecting and banking the seeds of Indonesian native plant species. The study aimed to assess seed availability in nature and collect the available seeds in Selabintana Forest, Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, to be stored in the long-term seed storage facility at CBG seed bank. Targeted species for the seed collection were focused on the native trees species with orthodox or approximately-orthodox seeds based on the Seed Information Database (SID) list. Pre-collection assessment and sampling of individuals within a population were using random sampling. Forty seed-producing plant species were reported.  Due  to  the  limitation  number  of seeds in the field (less than 250 seeds), only 33 species were collected. Six species were found with a large quantity of seeds, i.e. Begonia isoptera Dryand. ex Sm., Begonia sp., Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, Pinanga javana Blume, Saurauia pendula Blume, and Symplocos sp. Most seeds were collected at 1,100–1,200 m asl, in the forest area, as a tree life form, and majority of the seeds were predicted as desiccation-tolerant (orthodox). Two species, i.e. P. javana and S. cauliflora DC., were listed in IUCN Red List as threatened species. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that high-quality seed collections are needed to ensure the long-term seed conservation.