In the present study, chemical composition determination and in vitro antimicrobial effects of essential oil of Achillea biebersteinii plant grown under Erzincan ecological conditions were evaluated. Extractions were carried out with Clevenger apparatus and essential oil composition was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Microorganisms used for the antimicrobial studies were Salmonella enterica serovar typhimirium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Bacillus cereus 702 ROMA, Enterobacter aerogenes CCM 2531, Bacillus subtilis IMG 22 and Proteus vulgaris FMC 1. As a result, a total of 29 components were detected in Achillea biebersteinii. Among them, 1,8-cineole (20.36%), cyclohexanone (8.39%), 2-cyclohexen-1-one (5.38%) and spathulenol (4.19%) were found as the major components. For the in vitro antimicrobial activity determination of essential oil, disc diffusion method was used in our study. Furthermore, 12-14 mm zone diameters were detected in antimicrobial activity assay. The highest resistance zone was detected against B. subtilis with 14 mm diameter while the least resistance zone was detected against Y. pseudotuberculosis, E. aerogenes and P. vulgaris with 12 mm diameter. Consequently, it was concluded that the essential oil extracted from the A. biebersteinii grown under Erzincan ecological conditions had an inhibitory effects on the pathogenic microorganisms in used method.
This study was carried out during the summer of 2014 to determine alternative quality forage sources that could be grown in the Aydın ecological conditions. In the study, effects of 3 different mixtures and 2 pure species (100% Buckwheat, 25% Buckwheat -75% Soybean, 50% Buckwheat -5 0% Soybean, 75% Buckwheat -25% Soybean, 100% Soybean) and 2 different harvesting times (50%-100% flowering/buckwheat) on yield and quality characteristics were investigated. According to measurements, the highest average herbage yield was obtained from 75% Buckwheat-25% Soybean application (3100 kg/da) at 2nd harvest time. When the average of hay yield was examined, the results were similar to herbage yield. When ADF and NDF were examined, the highest values were seen at the 2nd harvest. When the crude protein ratios were examined, it was found that they decreased at the 2nd harvesting time and the highest value was determined at 100% soybean application at the 1st harvesting time (21.08%). When Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) were examined, the highest values were determined in 100%Soybean applications at first harvest time and when the mixture applications were examined, the highest values were determined to be 75% Buckwheat -25% Soybean application. As a result of the study, it was determined that the yields obtained at the 2nd harvest time were higher but the forage quality decreased. When the mixtures were examined, it was determined that the mixture having the highest roughage value was 75% buckwheat + 25% soybean application. In this study, the buckwheat which have short vegetation and good quality and the soybean, which is infront of with high quality, mixtures were examined. It has also been found that these mixtures may be important for obtaining high-quality forage in the short and intermediate periods. Bu çalışma Aydın ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilebilecek alternatif kaliteli kaba yem kaynaklarını belirlemek amacıyla 2014 yılı yaz üretim sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada karabuğday ve soya yalın ve 3 farklı karışım (%25 Karabuğday -%75 Soya, %50 Karabuğday -%50 Soya, %75 Karabuğday -%25 Soya,) ve 2 farklı hasat zamanının (%50-%100 çiçeklenme/karabuğday) verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ölçüm sonuçlarına göre en yüksek yaş ot verimi ortalaması ikinci hasatta %75 Karabuğday -%25 Soya uygulamasında (3100 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Kuru ot verim ortalamaları incelendiğinde yaş ot verimine benzer sonuçlar ADF ve NDF incelendiğinde en yüksek değerler ikinci hasatlarda, ham protein oranları incelendiğinde ikinci hasatlarda düşüşler görülmüş, en yüksek değer ise ilk hasatta %100Soya uygulamasında (%21,08) tespit edilmiştir. Sindirilebilir Kuru Madde (SKM) ve Nispi Yem Değeri (NYD) incelendiğinde en yüksek değerler ilk hasatta %100Soya uygulamalarında tespit edilmiş olup karışım uygulamaları incelendiğinde en yüksek değerlerin %75 Karabuğday -%25 Soya uygulamasından elde edildiği gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda ikinci hasatta elde edilen verimlerin daha yüksek ancak yem kalitesi...
Bu araştırma, Aydın ili Çakmar Mahallesi meralarının eğimleri farklı 5 kesiminde (%2, %8, %15, %25, %30) yürütülmüştür. Yapılan etütler neticesinde her eğimden 7 adet kuadrat alanı dipten biçilerek örneklenmiştir. Örneklemenin ardından yapılan analizler ve hesaplamalar neticesinde yaşkuru ağırlık (kg da-1), ADF (%), ADL (%), NDF (%), Ham Protein Oranı (%), Ham Protein Verimi (kg da-1), Sindirilebilir Kuru Madde (%), Nispi Yem Değeri ve ağırlığa göre botanik kompozisyonlar belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre meranın kuru ot verimi 223.03-114.54 kg da-1 değerleri arasında değişirken, en yüksek kuru ot verimi %8 eğimde yer alan merada tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek NDF oranı meranın %30 eğimli kesiminde, en düşük NDF oranı ise %2 eğimli kesiminde ölçülmüştür. Ham protein oranı en yüksek %10.64 ile %8 eğimde görülürken, en yüksek nispi yem değeri 101.35 ile %2 eğimli mera kesiminde ölçülmüştür. Ağırlığa göre botanik kompozisyonda baklagiller familyasına ait türlerin daha az oranda olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde %2, %8, %15 eğime sahip mera kesimlerinin verim ve kalite bakımından diğer kesimlere oranla daha iyi olduğu görülmektedir. Aşırı otlatmaya maruz bırakılan bu mera alanının, hatalı mera yönetimi sonucunda hayvansal üretime katkısı azalmaktadır. Bu sebeple doğru yönetim prensiplerinin uygulanması ve mera ıslah projeleri ile bölgedeki meraların sorunlarına çözüm bulunabilecektir.
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Plant community responses to environmental changes depend upon management strategies, climate, topography, and time. The objective herein was to determine canopy coverage and botanical changes in Turkish highland rangelands with different topographical characteristics between 1993 and 2013. Trends in the plant composition changed depending on the slope aspect (compass direction) and topography. The contribution of the grasses to the canopy decreased, while that of legumes and the other families increased. The results indicated that rangeland degradation occurred under uncontrolled grazing conditions. Suitable range management changes are recommended for the conservation of natural resources in the highland rangelands of Turkey.
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