Yield and Quality Features of Buckwheat-Soybean Mixtures in Organic Agricultural Conditions#

Abstract

This study was carried out during the summer of 2014 to determine alternative quality forage sources that could be grown in the Aydın ecological conditions. In the study, effects of 3 different mixtures and 2 pure species (100% Buckwheat, 25% Buckwheat -75% Soybean, 50% Buckwheat -5 0% Soybean, 75% Buckwheat -25% Soybean, 100% Soybean) and 2 different harvesting times (50%-100% flowering/buckwheat) on yield and quality characteristics were investigated. According to measurements, the highest average herbage yield was obtained from 75% Buckwheat-25% Soybean application (3100 kg/da) at 2nd harvest time. When the average of hay yield was examined, the results were similar to herbage yield. When ADF and NDF were examined, the highest values were seen at the 2nd harvest. When the crude protein ratios were examined, it was found that they decreased at the 2nd harvesting time and the highest value was determined at 100% soybean application at the 1st harvesting time (21.08%). When Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) were examined, the highest values were determined in 100%Soybean applications at first harvest time and when the mixture applications were examined, the highest values were determined to be 75% Buckwheat -25% Soybean application. As a result of the study, it was determined that the yields obtained at the 2nd harvest time were higher but the forage quality decreased. When the mixtures were examined, it was determined that the mixture having the highest roughage value was 75% buckwheat + 25% soybean application. In this study, the buckwheat which have short vegetation and good quality and the soybean, which is infront of with high quality, mixtures were examined. It has also been found that these mixtures may be important for obtaining high-quality forage in the short and intermediate periods. Bu çalışma Aydın ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilebilecek alternatif kaliteli kaba yem kaynaklarını belirlemek amacıyla 2014 yılı yaz üretim sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada karabuğday ve soya yalın ve 3 farklı karışım (%25 Karabuğday -%75 Soya, %50 Karabuğday -%50 Soya, %75 Karabuğday -%25 Soya,) ve 2 farklı hasat zamanının (%50-%100 çiçeklenme/karabuğday) verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ölçüm sonuçlarına göre en yüksek yaş ot verimi ortalaması ikinci hasatta %75 Karabuğday -%25 Soya uygulamasında (3100 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Kuru ot verim ortalamaları incelendiğinde yaş ot verimine benzer sonuçlar ADF ve NDF incelendiğinde en yüksek değerler ikinci hasatlarda, ham protein oranları incelendiğinde ikinci hasatlarda düşüşler görülmüş, en yüksek değer ise ilk hasatta %100Soya uygulamasında (%21,08) tespit edilmiştir. Sindirilebilir Kuru Madde (SKM) ve Nispi Yem Değeri (NYD) incelendiğinde en yüksek değerler ilk hasatta %100Soya uygulamalarında tespit edilmiş olup karışım uygulamaları incelendiğinde en yüksek değerlerin %75 Karabuğday -%25 Soya uygulamasından elde edildiği gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda ikinci hasatta elde edilen verimlerin daha yüksek ancak yem kalitesi...

The Effects of Different Sowing Times and Harvest Stages on Forage Yield and Quality in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench)

“…For instance, Kara (2014) reported that dry matter yield in buckwheat varies year to year and increases approximately 6.3 times from the beginning of flowering to the period at which 50% of the grains have turned brown. Surmen and Kara (2017), on the other hand, reported that in Aydın's ecological conditions, the dry matter yield of pure buckwheat was 5497.5 kg ha -1 at 50% flowering period and 5085.2 kg ha -1 at 100% flowering period. The dry matter yields obtained in our research were lower than the yields obtained in previous studies on this subject.…”

“…Björkman and Chase (2017) determined that the crude protein ratio in buckwheat varies between 15 and 20 % prior to flowering and that these values later decrease to 9 % depending on maturity. Surmen and Kara (2017) reported that in Aydın's ecological conditions, the crude protein rate in pure buckwheat was 15.89 % in the 50 % flowering period and 13.56% in the 100 % flowering period. In our study, the crude protein ratios measured during the flowering stage were higher.…”

“…This situation may be primarily explained by the variability of dry matter yields among different ecologies. Surmen and Kara (2017), who examined the effects of harvest stages in buckwheatsoybean mixtures, reported that the crude protein yield in buckwheat was 871.9 kg ha -1 at the 50% flowering stage and 689.3 kg ha -1 at the 100% flowering stage.…”

“…Harvesting is an important stage that affects yield and quality of buckwheat to be used as roughage. It has been determined that buckwheat grass harvested at 100% flowering period yields more but has a lower quality compared to the that harvested at 50% flowering period (Surmen and Kara, 2017). Keles et al (2012) reported a 5501-5900 kg ha -1 dry matter yield for buckwheat grown in Konya's conditions and harvested at the milky stage.…”

Bingöl Koşullarında Karabuğday Çeşitlerinde Ekim Zamanının Ot Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

“…Farklı zamanlarda ekilen karabuğday çeşitlerinin SKM ve KMT oranlarına ait ortalama değerler Konya koşullarında %59,20-68,68[17] olarak elde edilen bu bulgular, çalışma sonucundan alınan verilerden yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tabloya bakıldığında, ekim zamanı açısından incelendiğinde en yüksek KMT oranı %2,77 ile 1. ekim zamanında görülürken, bunu istatistiksel bakımından aynı grupta yer alan 3. ekim zamanı (%2,75) takip etmiştir.…”