This study aims to develop a multidimensional 21st century skills scale for adolescent and early adulthood students in the 15–25 age group. The research was conducted with 660 high school, associate degree and undergraduate students. From the item pool created during the first stage of the study, 146 items were selected in line with expert opinions. Within the scope of the validity studies, exploratory factor analysis was carried out. As a result of the analysis, a 41-item scale with five sub factors were developed. In the second stage of the study, Lisrel 8.80 program was used with confirmatory factor analysis, and the five sub-factor structure was confirmed. In the third stage of the study, the test–retest method was applied, and the mean scale scores and standard deviation values of the scale in the first and second applications were found to be 3.89, 18.21 and 3.58 and 22.19, respectively. Keywords: 21st century skills, multidimensional 21st century skills scale, 15–25 age group, scale development.

The aim of this study is to determine effects of the Project-Based (PBL) STEM (Science Technology, Engineering Mathematics) education on academic achievements and career interests of vocational high school students. Pretest-posttest design, one group of pre-trial model, was used in the study. The participants of the research consisted of 18 students in eleventh-grade at the furniture department of vocational high school. Quantitative data collection tools were used to gather the data for the study. “STEM Achievement Test” and “STEM Career Interest Scale” were applied to the students as pretest and posttest. The data obtained from the achievement test and carrier interest test were analyzed by using non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test with SPSS 16.0 software. It was found at the end of the study that, students improved significantly their academic achievement in the furniture design course and developed career interests in a positive direction.

With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the world, the vast majority of students in various educational institutions around the world have changed their learning styles from the physical classroom to digital learning education. Especially the fact that university students take their lessons with e-learning in times of crisis (COVID-19 pandemic) has forced them to spend more time with the computer. This situation will also affect their academic motivation. This research aimed to test whether the fear of contracting COVID-19 (CoVFC) had a moderating effect on the prediction of preservice teachers' academic motivation (AMOTV) with their computer self-efficacy perceptions (CSE). With a combined approach, a single model was employed to test the moderating role of CoVFC and the mediating role of Attitudes towards E-Learning (ATEL) in the prediction of preservice teachers' AMOTV with their CSE. 522 preservice teachers from 21 different branches participated in this research. As a result of the research, the CSE of preservice teachers were determined to predict their AMOTV significantly and positively. The increase in CoVFC was found to have a negative moderating effect on the prediction of AMOTV with the CSE of preservice teachers. Also, ATEL was found to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between the CSE and AMOTV of preservice teachers.

Öz. Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokullarda görevli fen bilimleri, matematik ve bilişim teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin fen-teknoloji-mühendislik-matematik (FeTeMM) eğitimi farkındalıklarının farklı değişkenlere göre değerlendirilmesidir. Yapılan bu araştırma, öğretmenlerin FeTEMM farkındalıklarının doğrudan öğrenilmesine yönelik nicel bir veri aracının kullanıldığı tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden uygun örnekleme yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Karaman merkeze bağlı ortaokullarda görev yapan 118 fen, matematik ve bilişim öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Buyruk ve Korkmaz'ın (2016) geliştirmiş oldukları 'FeTeMM Farkındalık Ölçeği' kullanılmıştır. Ölçek katılımcılara uygulandıktan sonra ölçeğin tekrar geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Olumlu ve olumsuz FeTeMM farkındalığı olmak üzere 2 alt boyuttan oluşan ölçeğin her bir boyutu ile cinsiyet ve branş değişkenleri arasında herhangi bir anlamlılık bulunamamıştır. Ancak mezun olunan fakülte türü, eğitim durumları ve mesleki kıdem değişkenleri ile ölçeğin her iki boyutu arasında anlamlılıklar bulunmuştur. Sonuçta eğitim fakültesi mezunu olan öğretmenler ile genç öğretmenlerin olumlu yönde FeTeMM farkındalığı var iken, mesleki kıdemi fazla olan öğretmenler ve ön lisans mezunu öğretmenlerin olumsuz yönde FeTeMM farkındalıklarının olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

The aim of this research is to reveal relations between Kolb's learning styles and mobile learning readiness of pre-service teachers in depth in regard to different variables and identify their mobile learning perspectives. The study group consisted of 352 students enrolled in undergraduate programs in education faculties of different universities in Turkey. The convergent parallel design was used as a mixed method strategy. The survey model, as a quantitative component, was used to describe the present situation and embedded interviews, as a qualitative component, were carried out to deeply reveal pre-service teachers' perspectives on mobile learning depending on their learning styles. The "Learning Styles Inventory -Version III" as well as the "Mobile Learning Readiness Scale" were administered to participants. ANOVA, Tukey-HSD test and Structural Equation Modelling were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed by the content analysis method. Results suggest that 126 (36%) of the pre-service participating in the study were with the assimilating learning style, 92 (26.29%) participants were with the diverging learning style, 73 (20.85%) were with the converging learning style and 59 (16.85%) were with the accommodating learning style. Furthermore, it was observed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the learning styles of the pre-service teachers and their mlearning readiness. In addition, it was observed that while optimism, self-directed learning and self-efficacy have a strong effect on m-learning; mother education, monthly income, gender, internet use frequency have a moderate effect on mlearning within different learning styles. Qualitative data were also in line with the results of quantitative data. Findings were discussed in light of relevant literature.

Ni-based single crystal superalloys contain microstructural regions that are separated by low-angle grain boundaries. This gives rise to the phenomenon of mosaicity. In the literature, this type of defect has been associated with the deformation of dendrites during Bridgman solidification. The present study introduces a novel serial sectioning method that allows to rationalize mosaicity on the basis of spatial dendrite growth. Optical wide-field micrographs were taken from a series of cross sections and evaluated using quantitative image analysis. This allowed to explore the growth directions of close to 2500 dendrites in a large specimen volume of approximately 450 mm3. The application of tomography in combination with the rotation vector base-line electron back-scatter diffraction method allowed to analyze how small angular differences evolve in the early stages of solidification. It was found that the microstructure consists of dendrites with individual growth directions that deviate up to ≈4° from the average growth direction of all dendrites. Generally, individual dendrite growth directions coincide with crystallographic <001> directions. The quantitative evaluation of the rich data sets obtained with the present method aims at contributing to a better understanding of elementary processes that govern competitive dendrite growth and crystal mosaicity.

The aim of this study is to develop a scale in order to identify science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) awareness levels of teachers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and information technology) in high schools. The research was conducted with 247 teachers working in high schools. 24 items were selected from the question pool created during the first phase of the study in line with expert opinions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted within the scope of validity studies. As the result of EFA, it was obtained that the scale consists of 3 sub-dimensions ("Effect to Students", "Effect to Lessons", "Effect to Teachers") a 15-item scale consisting. In the second phase of the study, the 3 sub-dimensions was confirmed as a result of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Lisrel 8.80 program. Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient for the scale was .82; .81, .71 and .70 for each subdimension, respectively. In the third phase of the study, the test-retest method was applied, the standard deviation and mean of the scale were calculated as 0.52, 3.95 in the first application and 0.53, 3.91 in the second application. Pearson's correlation coefficient was found to be significant at r = 0.615 and p = .001 level. As a result of the study, a valid and

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