Munculnya serangan White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) pada udang yang dibudidayakan kemungkinan sebagai akibat menurunnya kualitas lingkungan tambak. Data diperoleh dari penelitian budi daya udang windu yang dilakukan Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau, Maros menggunakan 8 unit tambak ukuran 500 m2. Tokolan udang windu PL-25 dengan padat tebar 10 dan 20 ekor/m2 ditebar dalam petak tambak tersebut serta penambahan probiotik setiap minggu sebanyak 1 mg/L berlangsung selama pemeliharaan udang dan tanpa pemberian probiotik sebagai kontrol merupakan perlakuan yang diuji. Masing-masing perlakuan dengan dua ulangan. Setelah penebaran, beberapa petak terserang WSSV dan menyebabkan kematian total yaitu pada hari ke-27, 30, 41, dan 47. Serangan WSSV terus berlanjut selama pemeliharaan udang di tambak berlangsung. Pada petak menggunakan probiotik mempunyai kecenderungan terserang WSSV lebih lambat daripada yang tidak menggunakan probiotik. Semakin tinggi padat tebar udang windu di tambak, maka semakin rentan terhadap serangan WSSV. Padat tebar 10 ekor/m2 menggunakan probiotik produksinya cenderung lebih baik daripada padat tebar 20 ekor/m2. Peningkatan populasi Vibrio sp., peningkatan konsentrasi nitrit dan tingginya populasi awal Vibrio sp. di air melebihi 103 cfu/mL dan di sedimen 104 cfu/g diduga erat kaitan dengan munculnya serangan WSSV pada udang yang dipelihara di tambak pada penelitian ini.The outbreak of WSSV infection on tiger shrimp culture was thought to be an impact of its pond environmental depletion. The data was obtained from the study of tiger shrimp culture conducted in ponds Research Station of RICA Maros using 8 unit of brackishwater ponds compartment of 500 m2 each size. The PL-25 were stocked in the ponds at the density of 10 pieces and 20 pieces/m2 and on the otherhand, ponds also were treated with 1 mg/L commercial probiotics applicated in every week during culture period and no probiotics application as control. Each treatment in two replications. WSSV was infected to the shrimp in the different ponds compartment beginning at 27, 30, 41, and 47 days after stocking and affected total mortality of the shrimp. The WSSV infection was continue distributed to the other ponds compartments consecutively. The shrimp in ponds were applied with probiotics tend to delay infected, in contrary more early infected to the shrimp in pond without probiotics application. The shrimp with higher stocking density likely was easier infected by WSSV. The shrimp production tends to be higher in the shrimp stocking density of 10 pieces/m2 with probiotics application as compared to 20 pieces/m2 without probiotics applications. Increase Vibrio sp. population, enhance nitrite concentration and commenced with high Vibrio sp. population in the water and sediment pond excessive of 103 cfu/mL and 104 cfu/g respectively were presumed as the stimulate of WSSV outbreak in tiger shrimp culture in this research.
Untuk menjaga agar kondisi perairan tambak budi daya udang tetap baik, maka sistem biofilterdan resirkulasi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahuiproduksi udang windu pada padat tebar udang yang berbeda dan juga tinjauan terhadap mutu kualitas airnya pada budi daya udang windu pola resirkulasi air semi tertutup menggunakansislem tandon. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Tambak Maranak menggunakan 12 petak masing-masing ukuran 500 ml.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi pakan induk udang windu serta feeding regime-nya untuk mendukung usaha domestikasi udang windu baik di tambak maupun dalam wadah terkontrol. Kegiatan diawali dengan pemeliharaan udang di tambak hingga bobot udang mencapai fase prematurasi atau bobot udang sekitar 60-70 g. Pada tahap uji pakan fase prematurasi, perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah: 1) 100% pakan induk komersil (100SP); 2) 40% pakan segar dan 60% pakan induk komersil bentuk semi-moist pelet (40FF60SP); dan 3) 40% pakan segar dan 60% pakan uji bentuk pelet kering (40FF60DP). Pakan segar yang diberikan adalah cumi-cumi dan cacing laut. Perlakuan yang dicobakan pada uji pakan fase maturasi adalah: 1) 100% pakan segar (100FF); 2) 40% pakan segar dan 60% pakan induk komersil bentuk semi-moist pelet (40FF60SP); dan 3) 40% pakan segar dan 60% pakan uji bentuk pelet kering (40FF60DP). Sintasan udang windu selama 100 hari pemeliharaan di tambak adalah 30%, sementara pertambahan bobotnya sebesar 95%. Selama 90 hari pemeliharaan di bak terkontrol, udang yang matang gonad secara alami pada uji pakan fase prematurasi ditemukan pada perlakuan 100SP dan 40FF60DP. Pada uji pakan fase maturasi betina yang matang gonad secara alami dan memijah ditemukan pada udang yang diberi pakan 40FF60DP dan 100FF. Kisaran dan rata-rata fekunditas telur (butir/induk/pemijahan) baik yang matang alami maupun setelah ablasi untuk masing-masing perlakuan adalah 60.000-260.000 (135.000) untuk 100SP; 30.000 (15.000) untuk 40FF60SP; dan105.000-135.000 (120.000) untuk 40FF60DP. Kadar DHA, EPA, dan ARA dalam karkas induk yang diberi pakan 40FF60DP tertinggi dibandingkan dua pakan lainnya. Alkalinitas selama pemeliharaan berlangsung baik untuk uji pakan fase prematurasi maupun maturasi relatif rendah yaitu < 85 mg/L. Berdasarkan perkembangan gonad secara alami pada fase prematurasi, udang windu yang diberi pakan 40FF60DP memberikan performansi yang lebih baik dan pada fase maturasi pun kombinasi pakan 40FF60DP memberikan performansi reproduksi yang relatif sama dengan 100FF dan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan 40FF60SP.
The use of organic mineral (OM) has been recently introduced in aquaculture both as feed supplement and water quality improvement. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate a response dose of OM on growth, survival, and mineral content in whole the body and carapace of vannamei shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Three diets were supplemented with different levels of organic mineral at 1 (OM1), 2 (OM2) and 4 (OM4) g/100 g diet. Positive control was a diet without OM inclusion but supplemented with commercial mineral mixture at level of 4 g/100 g diet. Juvenile vannamei shrimp with average initial body weight of 3.5±0.1 g were stocked into 12 tanks with a capacity of 200 L. After 75 days feeding trial, highly significant weight gains was observed in shrimp fed OM at all levels compared to the positive control. However, no significant differences were found among dietary OM groups. The growth response was clearly shown by the same values of SGRs in the three OM supplemented groups (1.1%/d) and only differed significantly from positive control. Increasing of dietary OM significantly improved survival rate of shrimp where the highest was observed in group fed OM1 and the lowest was in control diet. Effect of dietary OM on whole body Ca and P were quite similar while whole body Ca and P content of OM1 group was slightly high and tended to decrease in two groups with higher level dietary OM. However, no significant differences among the treatment groups. A clear response of supplementing OM in diet was detected on whole body Zn content. Increase of dietary OM resulted in an increase of Zn content in whole body. The effect was clearly shown when diet contained 2% and 4% OM. Carapace Ca content was highly significant when diet contained 2% OM. Similar to whole body Zn content, there was also a linear trend of response dose of dietary OM on carapace Zn content which the highest was found in dietary OM4. Based on growth, survival rate, and Zn content in whole body and carapace, dietary OM at 1 g/100 g diet can replace mineral mixture as mineral source in diet of vannamei shrimp.
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