Since the publication of the primate brain volumetric dataset of Stephan and colleagues in the early 1980s, no major new comparative datasets covering multiple brain regions and a large number of primate species have become available. However, technological and other advances in the last two decades, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the creation of institutions devoted to the collection and preservation of rare brain specimens, provide opportunities to rectify this situation. Here, we present a new dataset including brain region volumetric measurements of 39 species, including 20 species not previously available in the literature, with measurements of 16 brain areas. These volumes were extracted from MRI of 46 brains of 38 species from the Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience Primate Brain Bank, scanned at high resolution with a 9.4-T scanner, plus a further 7 donated MRI of 4 primate species. Partial measurements were made on an additional 8 brains of 5 species. We make the dataset and MRI scans available online in the hope that they will be of value to researchers conducting comparative studies of primate evolution.

6We investigated the process of nut-cracking acquisition in a semi-free population of tufted capuchin 7 monkeys (Sapajus sp) in São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed the cracking episodes from monkeys of 8 different ages and found that variability of actions related to cracking declined. Inept movements 9 were more frequent in juveniles, which also showed an improvement on efficient striking. The most 10 effective behavioral sequence for cracking was more frequently used by the most experienced 11 monkeys, which also used non-optimal sequences. The nature of the elements that compose the nut 12 cracking task channels development, comprising some variation in behavior sequences and actions.

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Nas últimas décadas, estudiosos do comportamento têm afirmado que animais não humanos apresentam cultura, dando início a uma controvérsia, especialmente com antropólogos socioculturais, que ainda não foi resolvida. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor essa controvérsia e identificar possíveis direções de consenso, nós revisamos o desenvolvimento da noção de cultura na antropologia sociocultural e sua utilização na literatura etológica. Argumentamos que antropólogos socioculturais e estudiosos do comportamento animal divergem em termos de suas teorias e visões de mundo. Para alcançar uma abordagem sintética do comportamento animal que inclua humanos e não humanos, sem ignorar as características próprias de cada espécie, seria desejável construir um consenso nesses dois níveis. A questão dos símbolos e significados é central para a noção antropológica de cultura e, portanto, será necessário incluí-la em uma perspectiva comparativa. Concluímos que uma direção de consenso teórico encontra-se em abordagens críticas às dualidades natureza-cultura, inato-adquirido e gene-ambiente.

A atribuição de cultura a primatas não humanos: a controvérsia e a busca por uma abordagem sintética São Paulo 2012

We conducted a mixed-methods observational study of the impact on educators of the ‘Teachers as Researchers’ programme in France in 2020-21. A total of 152 educators signed up and 112 joined at least one of the 118 workshops conducted by 10 communities. We examined changes in educators’ sense of efficacy, practice, and collaboration at work. We found evidence of a positive effect on teachers’ sense of efficacy especially for teachers with high baseline measures, as well as evidence of positive changes in practice among teachers and non-teachers. We also found qualitative evidence that the programme motivated collaboration at work.

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