Purpose -The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of infrastructure for and in ascertaining captivations of foreign direct investment (FDI). This work aims to investigate the effects of host country's infrastructure availability along with exchange rate and market size on inflows of FDI towards Pakistan.Design/methodology/approach -This study employs autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and an error correction model based on ARDL approach using time series data for the period 1975-2008 in case of Pakistan.Findings -This paper reveals a strong positive impact of infrastructure in attracting foreign direct investment, in short and in long run, in case of Pakistan.Practical implications -The findings can be used to help out government policy makers on FDI as well as are equally important for international financial lender/donor agencies and countries interested in rehabilitation activities of flood-affected areas with special reference to infrastructure and FDI while extending financing facilities to Pakistan.Originality/value -This study contributes in the following manner: first, it gives better impending and understanding for decision making about foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Second, it is the first effort that an exclusive study on FDI with special reference to infrastructure made in Pakistan. Third, it depicts the closer relationship between FDI attractiveness and infrastructure availability.

In this study an attempt has been made to solve a problematic phenomenon regarding how a decentralised environment mediates the effect on supply chain performance (SCP) -by taking various dimensions of knowledge management (KM) -specifically in the dairy sector of Lahore, Pakistan. This study also explores the relationship between KM practices and SCP in the presence of a general system theory; the theory claims that every system is has sub-parts, and every sub-part is surrounded by other sub-parts. Decentralisation has a mediating role which influences the relationship between KM practices and SCP in the dairy sector of Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire was developed, and data were collected through a random sampling of 355 supply chain members of different dairy organisations in central Punjab. The data was analysed by AMOS software and through structure equation modelling (SEM). The underlying study reveals that the hypothesis is accepted, that decentralisation mediates the relationship between KM practices and SCP at a 1% level of significance; it also reveals that KM practices (with the exceptions of knowledge creation and knowledge sharing) have a direct relationship with SCP. Meanwhile, statistical analysis also indicates that KM practices (with the exception of knowledge creation) have a significant positive relationship with decentralisation at the 1% significance level.

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of foreign aid on economic growth of Pakistan. The time series data for the period 1980-2008 is used by applying OLS regression model and two diagnostic methods namely Breusch-Pagon and Durbin-Watson tests. Results depict that foreign aid is insignificantly related to the economic growth to Pakistan for short-run and long-run. By excluding the foreign direct investment, results are significant but still a negative relationship exists. This study will help to government organizations by recognizing about the impact of foreign aid on economic growth.

With the monetary heightening of a nation and healthy life trends, the role of dairy product manufacturing companies is too vital in this development. In a hyper-focused market of Pakistan organization involved in dairy business is confronted with difficulties of holding the current and attracting the new customers. The purpose of the research is to take the opinions of distinctive people groups in Lahore city of Pakistan trade about salesman behavior for retail outlets. A sample of 500 retailers of the Lahore city is selected on convenience basis. To accomplish the fundamental objective of the research, the researcher of the paper created survey intended for dairy handler retailers. After a long analysis we have found that four variables assuming critical part in order to make satisfied customer. In this manner, customer satisfaction is the key for dairy companies to stay alive in competition. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship of salesman behavior with the customer satisfaction in packed milk industry of Pakistan.

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