The coal based thermal power plant in Malaysia produces annually around 1.7 million tons of coal bottom ash (CBA) as a discarded material which poses great environmental problems. Hence, the objective of this study is to utilize ground CBA as a supplementary cementing material in concrete. The oven dried original CBA was grinded for 20hours to achieve required fineness. The mixture of concrete was prepared with CBA proportion of 10, 20 and 30% by weight of cement. For the evaluation ofdensity, water absorption, compressive and tensile strength of concrete, 48 specimens were cast. The workability of fresh mix concrete was also evaluated, and it was found to be decreased as the quantity of CBA increased in the mixture. However, the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete was also reduced with the addition of ground CBA but with 10% replacement has attended the targeted compressive strength at the age of 28days.Besides that, it was also observed that the influence of CBA on concrete is obvious in density as well as in water absorption. The density of concrete gradually decreased due to addition of ground CBA, concrete containing 10% ground CBA was likely to be similar to that of control mix and the opposite performance was noticed in water absorption.Hence, experimental findings of this study indicated potentiality of ground CBA as supplementary cementing material in concrete construction which will reduces the environmental concern.

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Material waste is a term from the amount of waste material percentage and is one of the serious problems in the implementation of road construction project. The research objective is to calculate the average percentage of waste material in road construction projects and obtain waste material influencing profit and make a regression model of % material waste to % profit contractors. The data obtained are 158 projects in East and North Kalimantan divided into 51 road building projects and 107 road improvement projects. The percentage of waste material on road building project is B aggregate as the largest (26%) and ready mix concrete (5.3%) as the smallest. The percentage of waste material on road improvement project is B aggregate as the largest (24.2%) and ready mix concrete (6.14%) as the smallest. The influencing waste material on the road construction project is B aggregate, lean concrete and ready mix concrete with regression equation to determine the estimated % profit contractor as a function of % material waste is Y = 7.363 -0.032 X3 - 0.078 X4 - 0.066 X6. The influenced waste material on road improvement projects are cement, B aggregate, and Land Fill  with the regression equation to determine the estimated % profit of contractor as a function of % material waste is Y = 8,702- 0,037 X4-  0,054 X5- 0,044 X7.

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PD Pasar Jaya manages 153 markets spread across Jakarta. Market building is a place of public services, in order to provide excellent service to the community, it is important to maintain it properly. Maintenance management of PD Pasar Jaya is still far from the expected. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of directly and indirectly from the condition of the building and maintenance resources to user satisfaction through maintenance management. The research method is by taking a sample of 14 buildings market, then use the check list building condition assessment visually and dissemination of survey questionnaires to 216 respondents, namely the market manager, the kiosk, and visitors. The questionnaire consisted of four variables: the condition of the building (X1), maintenance resources (X2), as an variable, independent maintenance management (Y) as variable, an intervening while user satisfaction (Z) as the dependent variable. Furthermore, assessment data is processed by the descriptive analysis of the building, while the questionnaire survey data processed by path analysis using linear regression with SPSS ver. 22. The results of assessment of 14 buildings is a market average of 78 of the highest value of 100, this means that the condition of the building is being with only minor damage. The total yield of the influence of the condition of the building (42.38%) and maintenance resources (25.01%) towards satisfaction of a user through maintenance management (1.26%) is 68.65%.

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