The utilization of crop residue as a feed is very important because the arable land area is relatively limited. The study was aimed to examine the influence of adoption of crop-residue product as a feed. The research was conducted in Maros District by using survey methods from March to August 2015. The number of respondents was 96 farmers scattered throughout the Districts of Bantimurung and Camba as centers of rice, corn plant, and cattle productions. Questionnaires were used to collect data conducted by a trained enumerator. Survey was arranged using a logistic regression model to identify socio economic factors influencing the adoption of crop residue as a feed. Work perception (X2), contact with extension workers (X4), rice cultivated areas (X5), the number of livestock (X6), subjective norm (X7), and difficulty (X8) were socio-economic variables influencing the adoption of crop residue as a feed. However, the variables age (X1), farmer experiences (X3), and the number of family members (X9) had no effect on the adoption of this technology. In conclusion, extension workers play an important role in increasing the adoption of technology by using rice and corn straws as a feed. Likewise, not only the number of livestocks, but also the good perception of the farmers increased along with the increase of feed availability, such as utilization of rice and corn straws.

ABSTRAKPemahaman yang tepat terhadap potensi, permasalahan, dan kebutuhan peternak tentang teknologi pakan dapat meningkatkan adopsi teknologi oleh peternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi, permasalahan, dan kebutuhan peternak skala kecil akan teknologi pakan menurut preferensi suami dan istri. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan memodifikasi metode participatory rural appraisal (PRA), seperti participatory mapping untuk mengetahui potensi, dan preference rangking untuk mengetahui prioritas masalah dan kebutuhan. Penerapan PRA sebanyak 4 kali selama bulan April-September 2009 di Kabupaten Enrekang yang dibagi menjadi wilayah sentra dan nonsentra. Preferensi petani terhadap potensi dan masalah tidak berbeda antara suami dan istri, hanya kebutuhan teknologi yang berbeda. Potensi sumber hijauan utamanya rumput di daerah sentra lebih beragam dibanding daerah nonsentra, namun potensi sumber konsentrat lebih banyak di daerah nonsentra. Kurangnya pengetahuan formulasi pakan dan konsentrat untuk sapi perah, tidak diketahuinya manfaat bahan pakan, serta rendahnya kualitas pakan di musim kemarau adalah masalah utama peternak di daerah sentra. Masalah utama peternak di daerah nonsentra adalah tidak diketahuinya pengawetan pakan, kurangnya tenaga kerja, dan pakan yang tidak mencukupi sepanjang tahun. Kebutuhan teknologi di daerah sentra adalah peningkatan pengetahuan formulasi bahan pakan lokal untuk produksi konsentrat dan complete feed adalah prioritas utama. Daerah nonsentra lebih memprioritaskan pengawetan limbah dan bahan pakan menjadi complete feed pada musim hujan/panen.

Konflik penggunaan lahan antara pertanian dan peternakan menyebabkan ternak sapi potong harus dipelihara secara intensif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat adopsi pemeliharaan sapi potong secara intensif serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peternak mengadopsi pemeliharaan intensif. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian survei dengan jumlah responden 90 orang dari 578 petani. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner dengan pertanyaan tertutup. Analisis data menggunakan model regresi berganda. Tingkat adopsi pemeliharaan intensif (variabel dependen) diukur berdasarkan tingkat adopsi perkandangan, pemberian pakan, penanganan reproduksi, penanganan kesehatan ternak dan pemanfaatan feces. Variabel independen terdiri dari intensitas penyuluhan yang diterima, keuntungan relatif, norma subyektif peternak, kontrol perilaku, sikap, umur peternak, luas lahan sawah dan skala usaha. Tingkat adopsi perkandangan, pemberian pakan, penanganan reproduksi dan penanganan kesehatan ternak oleh peternak berada pada level sedang (rata-rata >50% peternak) sedangkan pemanfaatan feces berada pada level rendah. Faktor yang berpengaruh positif terhadap adopsi pemeliharaan secara intensif di kabupaten Wajo adalah kemampuan peternak mengontrol perilaku adopsi pemeliharaan intensif (signifikan pada level 1%), posisi peternak pada strata sosial masyarakat atau norma subyektif (signifikan pada level 5%) dan keuntungan relatif yang dirasakan peternak dari usaha sapi potong (signifikan pada level 5%). Lain halnya dengan kontak dengan penyuluh, umur, sikap, luas lahan dan skala usaha tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada tingkat adopsi pemeliharaan intensif. Untuk mendorong adopsi teknologi pemeliharaan intensif, maka materi penyuluhan yang dikembangkan hendaknya menyentuh proses psikologi yang terjadi dalam diri peternak seperti materi tentang tingkat keuntungan dari pemeliharaan intensif dan tingkat kemudahan dalam melaksanakan pemeliharaan.

By their paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. Previous studies identified biallelic single-nucleotide variants in the SRY, ZFY and DDX3Y genes, which in domestic goats identified four major Y-chromosomal haplotypes, Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, with a marked geographical partitioning. Here, we extracted goat Y-chromosomal variants from whole-genome sequences of 386 domestic goats (75 breeds) and seven wild goat species, which were generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated domestic haplogroups corresponding to Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, respectively, whereas Y1A is split into Y1AA and Y1AB. All five haplogroups were detected in 26 ancient DNA samples from southeast Europe or Asia. Haplotypes from presentday bezoars are not shared with domestic goats and are attached to deep nodes of the trees and networks. Haplogroup distributions for 186 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks and expansions during migrations into northern Europe, eastern and southern Asia, and Africa south of the Sahara. In addition, sharing of haplogroups indicates male-mediated introgressions, most notably an early gene

Goats are one of the mainstay commodities for farmers in rural areas, especially in several development centers in the West Sulawesi region, Indonesia. Generally the local goats that are kept are Kacang goats which are the type of meat production, but since the introduction of the Etawa breed most of the goat population that is currently being kept is from the Peranakan Etawa (PE) goat which is a cross between Kacang and Etawa goats which later develop into dual-purpose goats (meat and milk). The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotypic (qualitative and quantitative) properties of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats which were maintained by communities in the West Sulawesi region, Indonesia. This study used a survey method by identifying the qualitative and quantitative performance of the PE goat population. Characterization activities carried out were to identify the performance criteria of qualitative traits which included the characteristics of coat color, horn and ear shape and quantitative properties such as body weight, height, body length and chest circumference and chest width. A total of 113 goats (111 females and 2 male Peranakan Etawa breeds) were selected to be used as samples from the existing goat population. Peranakan Etawa breeding performance based on morphometric data included the characteristics of shoulder height (67.98 ± 5.61 cm), back height (71.34 ± 5.73 cm), body length (71.70 ± 6.46 cm), chest circumference (72.19 ± 6.46 cm), chest width (15.41 ± 1.86 cm) and body weight (33.04 ± 6.09 kg). The qualitative and quantitative performance of Etawa breeds in West Sulawesi is very diverse and need genetic improvement to meet Indonesia National Quality Standards (SNI).