The utilization of crop residue as a feed is very important because the arable land area is relatively limited. The study was aimed to examine the influence of adoption of crop-residue product as a feed. The research was conducted in Maros District by using survey methods from March to August 2015. The number of respondents was 96 farmers scattered throughout the Districts of Bantimurung and Camba as centers of rice, corn plant, and cattle productions. Questionnaires were used to collect data conducted by a trained enumerator. Survey was arranged using a logistic regression model to identify socio economic factors influencing the adoption of crop residue as a feed. Work perception (X2), contact with extension workers (X4), rice cultivated areas (X5), the number of livestock (X6), subjective norm (X7), and difficulty (X8) were socio-economic variables influencing the adoption of crop residue as a feed. However, the variables age (X1), farmer experiences (X3), and the number of family members (X9) had no effect on the adoption of this technology. In conclusion, extension workers play an important role in increasing the adoption of technology by using rice and corn straws as a feed. Likewise, not only the number of livestocks, but also the good perception of the farmers increased along with the increase of feed availability, such as utilization of rice and corn straws.

No abstract

Konflik penggunaan lahan antara pertanian dan peternakan menyebabkan ternak sapi potong harus dipelihara secara intensif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat adopsi pemeliharaan sapi potong secara intensif serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peternak mengadopsi pemeliharaan intensif. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian survei dengan jumlah responden 90 orang dari 578 petani. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner dengan pertanyaan tertutup. Analisis data menggunakan model regresi berganda. Tingkat adopsi pemeliharaan intensif (variabel dependen) diukur berdasarkan tingkat adopsi perkandangan, pemberian pakan, penanganan reproduksi, penanganan kesehatan ternak dan pemanfaatan feces. Variabel independen terdiri dari intensitas penyuluhan yang diterima, keuntungan relatif, norma subyektif peternak, kontrol perilaku, sikap, umur peternak, luas lahan sawah dan skala usaha. Tingkat adopsi perkandangan, pemberian pakan, penanganan reproduksi dan penanganan kesehatan ternak oleh peternak berada pada level sedang (rata-rata >50% peternak) sedangkan pemanfaatan feces berada pada level rendah. Faktor yang berpengaruh positif terhadap adopsi pemeliharaan secara intensif di kabupaten Wajo adalah kemampuan peternak mengontrol perilaku adopsi pemeliharaan intensif (signifikan pada level 1%), posisi peternak pada strata sosial masyarakat atau norma subyektif (signifikan pada level 5%) dan keuntungan relatif yang dirasakan peternak dari usaha sapi potong (signifikan pada level 5%). Lain halnya dengan kontak dengan penyuluh, umur, sikap, luas lahan dan skala usaha tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada tingkat adopsi pemeliharaan intensif. Untuk mendorong adopsi teknologi pemeliharaan intensif, maka materi penyuluhan yang dikembangkan hendaknya menyentuh proses psikologi yang terjadi dalam diri peternak seperti materi tentang tingkat keuntungan dari pemeliharaan intensif dan tingkat kemudahan dalam melaksanakan pemeliharaan.

By their paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. Previous studies identified biallelic single-nucleotide variants in the SRY, ZFY and DDX3Y genes, which in domestic goats identified four major Y-chromosomal haplotypes, Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, with a marked geographical partitioning. Here, we extracted goat Y-chromosomal variants from whole-genome sequences of 386 domestic goats (75 breeds) and seven wild goat species, which were generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated domestic haplogroups corresponding to Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, respectively, whereas Y1A is split into Y1AA and Y1AB. All five haplogroups were detected in 26 ancient DNA samples from southeast Europe or Asia. Haplotypes from presentday bezoars are not shared with domestic goats and are attached to deep nodes of the trees and networks. Haplogroup distributions for 186 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks and expansions during migrations into northern Europe, eastern and southern Asia, and Africa south of the Sahara. In addition, sharing of haplogroups indicates male-mediated introgressions, most notably an early gene

Goats are one of the mainstay commodities for farmers in rural areas, especially in several development centers in the West Sulawesi region, Indonesia. Generally the local goats that are kept are Kacang goats which are the type of meat production, but since the introduction of the Etawa breed most of the goat population that is currently being kept is from the Peranakan Etawa (PE) goat which is a cross between Kacang and Etawa goats which later develop into dual-purpose goats (meat and milk). The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotypic (qualitative and quantitative) properties of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats which were maintained by communities in the West Sulawesi region, Indonesia. This study used a survey method by identifying the qualitative and quantitative performance of the PE goat population. Characterization activities carried out were to identify the performance criteria of qualitative traits which included the characteristics of coat color, horn and ear shape and quantitative properties such as body weight, height, body length and chest circumference and chest width. A total of 113 goats (111 females and 2 male Peranakan Etawa breeds) were selected to be used as samples from the existing goat population. Peranakan Etawa breeding performance based on morphometric data included the characteristics of shoulder height (67.98 ± 5.61 cm), back height (71.34 ± 5.73 cm), body length (71.70 ± 6.46 cm), chest circumference (72.19 ± 6.46 cm), chest width (15.41 ± 1.86 cm) and body weight (33.04 ± 6.09 kg). The qualitative and quantitative performance of Etawa breeds in West Sulawesi is very diverse and need genetic improvement to meet Indonesia National Quality Standards (SNI).

The objective of this research was to find the basic data on genetic diversity of DNA D-Loop on Gayo and Toraya buffalo breed and its association with 6 local buffalo (Aceh, Sumut, Riau, Banten, Jateng, NTB, Sulsel). To the best of our knowledge this is the first published data on the complete mitochondrial D-Loop sequence of Gayo and Toraya buffalo. There were 83 samples of DNA which had been sequence; i.e. 45 from Gayo, 5 from Simeulue, 3 from Aceh Besar, Sumut and Riau, 4 from Banten, Jateng, NTB and Sulsel, 8 from Toraya. Results show that Toraya buffalo have a specific haplotype, while gayo buffalo have a closer relationship to Sumut buffalo. The total nucleotide sequenced of Gayo and Toraya buffalo and 6 local buffalo was 317 bp. The genetic distance ranges among Gayo buffalo, Riau, Jateng, Sulsel, NTB (0.010), Gayo buffalo-Sumut buffalo (0.016), and Gayo buffalo-Toraya buffalo (0.023). D-Loop mtDNA analyses showed that most of Gayo buffalo form a haplotype together with six other local buffalo populations, while the Toraya buffalo (striped buffalo) population forms one haplotype that is separate from the entire local Indonesian buffalo population. These finding could be assumed that the Toraya buffalo (striped buffalo) originating from Enrekang forms a specific haplotype which identifies that the Toraya buffalo (striped buffalo) originating from Enrekang is animal genetic resource of native livestock that must be preserved.

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the quality of native chicken meat. The study used 90 Day old chicken (DOC) three types of native chickens. Chickens were reared for 70 days with ad libitum feeding and drinking water. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 15 replications. The treatments were P1 (native native chicken, Balitnak superior (KUB)), P2 (ordinary native chicken) and P3 (native chicken in ovo feeding breeds). The parameters measured were the pH value of the meat, water binding capacity, cooking losses, tenderness, and meat color. Research data obtained at pH values P1 (5.92), P2 (5.95), P3 (5.58); water holding capacity (%) P1 (42.6), P2 (37.27), P3 (5.58); cooking losses (%) P1 (18.46), P2 (19.46), P3 (24.86), tenderness (kg/cm2) P1 (0.74), P2 (0.76), P3 (0.94); flesh color L P1 (56.04), P2 (56.60), P3 (54.04), meat color a P1 (5.91), P2 (5.93), P3 (3.82); and meat color b P1 (5.93), P2 (5.98), P3 (5.45). The results showed that although there were differences in pH, water holding capacity, and cooking losses in all treatments, the three of them were still of good quality meat because they had pH values that were still in the normal range and the meat was very tender.

Some important genes are involved in controlling the reproductive trait of goats, one of which is the Melatonin Receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene. The MTNR1A gene is known with seasonal reproductive activity and related to lambing frequency in the goat. The purpose of this research was to determine the genetic polymorphisms of the MTNR1A gene in Kacang, and Peranakan Ottawa (PE) goat population reared traditionally in South Sulawesi region of Indonesia. In total 253 heads of goat consist of 137 heads of Kacang and 116 Peranakan Ottawa from South, Sulawesi region was used as research samples for blood collection. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, which was then continued for DNA extracted by using a DNA extraction kit. The MTNR1A genotype was identified by PCR-RFLP technique using restriction enzyme RsaI. The result showed that there was genetic diversity in the MTNR1A gene in Kacang and PE population with the obtained of two alleles R and r. The common allele was R with frequency 0.93 in Kacang population while in PE population was 0.89. The r allele was 0.06 and 0.10 in Kacang and PE population, respectively. The most common genotype found in the population was RR (0.95), while Rr was only 0.05 and rr genotype did not found in this population. Observed heterozygosity value was 0.05. According to the Hardy-Weinberg test, this population was in equilibrium for MTNR1A gene. In conclusion, this finding indicated that there was genetic diversity exists in local goat population, and future research needed to find any association with this genetic variation with reproductive performance, the data obtained from this study could be used for the strategic program in goat breeding to increase reproductive performance of local goat especially fertility traits.