Mulberry plants (Morus sp.) are one of the non-timber forest products that are used as feedfor silkworms, foodstuffs, or medicines. Plants that are attacked by disease can certainly harmvarious aspects, one of which can reduce the quality and quantity of plants. Vegetable pesticidescan be a solution to prevent the spread of the disease. This study aims to determine the symptomsof diseases that appear in mulberry plants and their spread in mahogany and find out theinhibitory power and concentration of essential oils that work optimally. Observations weremade using eucalyptus essential oil, turmeric essential oil, and a combination of both withconcentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% on PDA media and GDP media. Based on observations, thetype of fungus found is Rhizoctonia sp.. The results of the observations showed that the optimalessential oil as an inhibitor of pathogenic growth is turmeric essential oil with a concentration of3% and a combined essential oil concentration of 5%. The results of the inoculation showed thatthere was fungal growth activity on mahogany seedlings so that the fungus could attack otherplants such as forestry plants.

Abstract Ceratobasidium ramicola is a fitopathogenic fungus that harmful and causes various levels of damage on several types of forestry and horticultural crops. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Acacia villosa, Myristica fragrans, Acacia mangium and Calliandra calothyrsus leaf extracts as tannin sources related to the in vitro inhibition of Ceratobasidium ramicola growth. The in vitro inhibition was performed by employing solid potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium to obtain the radial inhibition, while liquid potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium was used to obtain the biomass inhibition. Experimental design was based on in time nested-completely randomized design and statistical analysis was carried out with SAS software version 9.1. The result of radial growth inhibition of Ceratobasidium ramicola showed that tannin extracts of A. mangium and M. Fragrans were not significantly different to each other. Treatment of tannin extracts from A. villosa, M. fragrans, A. mangium and C. Calothyrsus with a concentration of 1% were significantly different with other concentrations and resulted the greatest inhibition values. Tannin extract of A. Mangium at 1% concentration produced the greatest radial inhibition by 33.2%. In most cases, the effective inhibition from tannin extract occurred at the 24h of incubation. The greatest biomass inhibition was produced on 1% tannin extract of A. mangium by 64.3%, while the lowest was produced from 1% tannin extract of M. fragrans by 27.0%.

Maesopsis eminii (Engl.) is a commercial wood that is classified as fast-growing multifunctional species. The disease will inhibit plant growth as well as decrease the quality of timber. This research was aimed to identify types of pathogens, disease incidence, and severity of leaf blight disease in Maesopsis eminii seedlings. The methods were included field observations, isolation of symptomatic leaf blight, and subsequent test of Koch’s postulates. The isolates then observed both macroscopically and microscopically. The results of observations were indicated that the incidence of the disease was 99.44%, while the severity of the disease 8.85%. The isolation of symptomatic leaf blight was founded on eight kinds of isolate that have different colors. Then, the isolates were inoculated to Maesopsis eminii. Almost the entire of isolates can cause the symptoms of leaf blight. The result of Koch’s postulates was founded on two types of isolates that identically the same with the initial isolation. Finally, the pathogenicity test showed that isolates with 1.1 codes have the highest percentage value of disease incidence and severity than the other isolates. The identification results show that the isolate with 1.1 code is a type of fungus characterized by having sectional hyphae and contained conidia, which is included in the Deuteromycetes class.

A B S T R A C TThis study investigated the efficacy of tannin in order to control leaf blight disease on Toona sureni caused by Rhizoctonia sp. by measuring disease intensity and percentage of leaf damages. Two Rhizoctonia sp. (R1 and R2) isolates were induced on the T. sureni leaves. Tannin solution with concentration of 0.5, 1, 2 and 3% and control (water) were sprayed on the leaves surface every two days. The percentage of disease sign on the leaves was measured every two days for one month. Results revealed that all tannin solution treatments reduced intensity and leaf death percentage. No poisonous impacts on the seedling were observed. The highest tannin concentrations which reduce disease activity were 3% for both isolates. It reduced the disease by stopping the fungal enzymatic activity of cellulolytic and pectinolytic. The highest increase of disease intensity and the percentage of leaf death was found in the control treatment. It can be concluded that tannin could be used to control leaf blight disease on Toona sureni caused by Rhizoctonia sp.

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) is a plant from the Fabaceae family that has a lot of potentials, both ecologically and economically, to be planted in rehabilitation areas. This study aimed to examine the pathogenicity of the fungus that causes leaf blight on sengon seedlings. The research method includes pathogenicity test activities consisting of field observations, pre-testing, and testing. The study used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (RALF) and Duncan’s follow-up test. Rhizoctonia sp. has the fastest diameter growth compared to other fungi. Pathogenicity test results can be known that Rhizoctonia sp. produced the highest disease incidence and disease severity and was significantly different from other fungi. Rhizoctonia sp. produces 100% of disease incidence and 87.5% of disease severity. Wound treatment did not show a significant difference. Leaf blight spreads quickly over the entire surface of the sengon leaves, causing leaf fall and seedlings to die.

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ABSTRAKLimbah pertanian jerami padi yang berlimpah belum banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pakan ternak. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan tampilan sapi Bali yang hanya diberi hijauan dan dengan penambahan suplemen silase jerami padi dan mineral. Silase jerami padi diberikan sebanyak 30% dan mineral diberikan sebanyak 4% dari total pakan, sementara hijauan diberikan 100%. Sapi yang digunakan sebanyak 12 ekor dimana 7 ekor untuk perlakuan hijauan dengan ditambah suplemen dan 5 ekor untuk yang diberi 100% hijauan. Tampilan yang diukur yaitu panjang badan, lingkar dada, tinggi badan dan pertambahan berat badan harian (PBBH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang badan dan tinggi badan pada kelompok yang diberi suplemen lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan pemberian hijauan 100%. Sedangkan lingkar dada dan PBBH nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) pada penambahan silase jerami padi sebanyak 30% dan mineral 4%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan hijauan ditambahkan 30% silase dan 4% mineral dapat meningkatkan lingkar dada dan PBBH pada sapi Bali.

Sengon is one of the forestry plant commodities favoured by the community. So that the provision of healthy seedlings in the nursery is significant to achieve successful planting. However, sengon is very susceptible to several diseases. One of the diseases is dieback in the nursery. This study aims to calculate the incidence and severity of shoot death in sengon seedlings in Persemaian Permanen Dramaga Bogor and identify the types of pathogens that cause dieback in sengon seedlings. Methods of data collection were carried out using the census and scoring methods. In addition, the identification process was carried out under a light microscope with a magnification of 40×10. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis. The percentage of disease incidence and dieback severity in sengon seedlings were 10.809% and 73.764%, where the severity of the disease is declared as severe. Based on the identification results, the fungus Rhizoctonia sp. is suspect as the cause of dieback in sengon seedlings.