Effects of Tannin to Control Leaf Blight Disease on Toona sureni Merr. Caused by Two Isolates of Rhizoctonia sp.

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThis study investigated the efficacy of tannin in order to control leaf blight disease on Toona sureni caused by Rhizoctonia sp. by measuring disease intensity and percentage of leaf damages. Two Rhizoctonia sp. (R1 and R2) isolates were induced on the T. sureni leaves. Tannin solution with concentration of 0.5, 1, 2 and 3% and control (water) were sprayed on the leaves surface every two days. The percentage of disease sign on the leaves was measured every two days for one month. Results revealed that all tannin solution treatments reduced intensity and leaf death percentage. No poisonous impacts on the seedling were observed. The highest tannin concentrations which reduce disease activity were 3% for both isolates. It reduced the disease by stopping the fungal enzymatic activity of cellulolytic and pectinolytic. The highest increase of disease intensity and the percentage of leaf death was found in the control treatment. It can be concluded that tannin could be used to control leaf blight disease on Toona sureni caused by Rhizoctonia sp.

In vitro biological control of Ceratobasidium ramicola by using tannin extracts from Acacia villosa, Myristica fragrans, Acacia mangium, and Calliandra calothyrsus leaves

“…Ceratobasidium ramicola causes leaf blight disease on Toona sureni Merr. (Meliaceae) (Achmad et al, 2015) and Pinus palustris (Barnard, 1996), it also causes dumping off on various conifer species (Sneh et al, 1996) and strawberry (Zeeler, 1932), spot, blotch, and leaf blight on tobacco, peanut and soybean, stem rot on celery, leaf rot on onion and root rot on maize (Kucharek, 2000). Various types of damage and vulnerable host to the Ceratobasidium ramicola require an effort to prevent crop production loss.…”

“…One of biological control efforts that can be done and need to be examined is the use of biological material or natural compound such as tannin to inhibit the growth of pathogen (Achmad et al, 2015).Tannin is the result of secondary metabolites produced by plant as a form of natural protection mechanism against tissue invasion by microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and damage by herbivores (insects, birds, and animals). Every plant can produce tannin but it may have a different structure and concentration based on the species (Norton, 2000).…”