Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of tannic acid against Penicillium digitatum

Cai

et al. 2019

Plants

Pinocembroside (PiCB) isolated from Ficus hirta Vahl. fruit was studied herein with the aim to find the potential mechanism for significant inhibition of growth of Penicillium digitatum, a causative pathogen of citrus green mold disease. PiCB substantially inhibited mycelial growth of P. digitatum, with the observed half maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 120.3, 200, and 400 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, PiCB altered hyphal morphology and cellular morphology by breaking and shrinking of mycelia, decomposing cell walls, cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition to, a non-targeted metabolomics analysis by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was also performed, which revealed that PiCB treatment notably disrupted the metabolisms of amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, TCA, and ribonucleic acids, thereby contributing to membrane peroxidation. Current findings provide a new perception into the antifungal mechanism of PiCB treatment in inhibiting P. digitatum growth through membrane peroxidation.

Section: Effect Of Picb On Mycelial Growth Of P Digitatumsupporting

confidence: 75%

UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach Reveals the Antifungal Potential of Pinocembroside against Citrus Green Mold Phytopathogen

Cai

et al. 2019

Plants

“…Several studies confirmed their antibacterial activity; there is also a tannin-based pharmaceutical to cure intestinal infections [ 50 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. Similarly, the effective activity of tannins against diverse pathogenic fungi species, i.e., dermatophytes, moulds and yeasts, have been reported [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. Hence the idea to try tannins as antifungal wood preservatives.…”

Section: Antifungal Substances Of Plant Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds for Wood Protection against Fungi—A Review

Broda

2020

Molecules

122

Wood is a renewable, versatile material with multiple applications and the largest terrestrial pool of sequestered carbon. However, it is susceptible to degradation, mainly caused by wood-decaying fungi. Since several traditional wood preservatives have been banned owing to their detrimental effects on humans and the environment, extending the lifespan of wood products using new generation natural preservatives is an imperative from the perspectives of human health and environmental protection. Several natural compounds of plant and animal origin have been tested for their fungicidal properties, including essential oils, tannins, wood extractives, alkaloids, propolis or chitosan; and their enormous potential in wood protection has been shown. Although they are not free of limitations, the potential methods to overcome their drawbacks and enhance their bioactivity already exist, such as co-impregnation with different polymers, cross-linkers, metal chelators or antioxidants. The presence of the discrepancies between laboratory tests and the field performance, as well as legislation-related problems resulting from the lack of standards defining the quality and performance of natural protective formulations, however, create an urgent need for further thorough research and arrangements. The collaboration with other industries interested in the utilisation of natural active compounds will reduce the associated costs, thus, will facilitate the successful implementation of alternative antifungal agents.

“…It can also damage the bacterial cell membrane thereby altering their physiological processes such as lowering of their internal pH and membrane hyperpolarization [17,55]. Specifically, isolated plant tannins have demonstrated strong antimicrobial effects against multiple genera of microorganisms such as yeasts, fungi and bacteria [56]. The mode of action of tannins involves the precipitation of proteins, bringing about inactivation of microbial adhesin and cell transport proteins, binds to metals and other macromolecules making them unavailable to the microorganisms [57,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and Phytochemical Properties of Crude Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam., Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Herit DC and Ceiba pentandra L. on Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates in Nigeria

Njokuocha

Ewenike

2020

JOCAMR

Aims: The study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam., Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Herit DC and Ceiba pentandra L. on bacterial isolates; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methodology: The plant leaves were dried, pulverized and phytochemical tests were done according to standard laboratory procedure. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were obtained from 20 g of the of the ground leaves. Antibacterial assay was carried out with Disc diffusion method on seven concentrations of the extracts ;100,50,25,12.5, 6.25,3.125,1.5625 mg/ml and compared with standard antibiotics. Isolated bacterial pathogens; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.0 x 105 cfu /ml) were used as test organisms. Results: Alkaloids, steroidal aglycones, glycosides, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, vitamins A and E were present in all the plant samples. Flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were not detected in Pterocarpus santalinoides and Ceiba pentandra, respectively. Anthracene glycoside was absent in all samples. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera showed antibacterial activities against all the bacterial isolates at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 mg/ml and 1.5625 mg/ml respectively. Pterocarpus santalinoides showed inhibitory activity only on Salmonella typhi at 3.125 mg/ml and Escherichia coli 1.5625 mg/ml MIC. Ceiba pentandra showed spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the bacterial isolates at 1.56 mg/ml MIC with exception of Salmonella typhi. E. coli was the most susceptible to the leaf extracts. Salmonella typhi was not sensitive to the leaf extracts of Ceiba pentandra, while Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not sensitive to the leaf extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts had antibacterial activity against the test organism, thus justifying their use in folklore medicine.