ABSTRAK. Kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak dijumpai di pesisir pantai Kota Singkawang. Tumbuhan ini berpotensi digunakan untuk mengobati diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri daun kayu putih yang berasal dariKota Singkawang terhadap bakteri uji Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode yang digunakan untuk isolasi minyak atsiri yaitu distilasi uap, sedangkan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil isolasi minyak atsiri daun kayu putih menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 0,55%. Analisis GC-MS menghasilkan 26 puncak senyawa dengan 2 senyawa utama yaitu 1,8 sineol sebesar 71,96% dan alpha-terpineol sebesar 11,44%. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri daun kayu putih terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus menghasilkan aktivitas yang tergolong lemah. Diameter zona hambat terhadap bakteri E. coli dengan konsentrasi 50µg/µl menghasilkan zona sebesar 4,39 mm, sedangkan pada bakteri S. aureus yaitu sebesar 4,62 mm. Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, Melaleuca cajuputi, minyak atsiri daun kayu putih, Singkawang, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRACT. Eucalyptus (Melaleuca cajuputi), is a plant which often found on the coast of the city of Singkawang, West Kalimantan. This plant is potentially used to treat diarrhea. This study aimed to determine antibacterial activity of eucalyptus leaf from Singkawang city on bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolation of the essential oils was using steam distillation, while the analysis of antibacterial activity with well diffusion method. The isolation resulted 0.55% yield. Analysis using GC-MS yielded 26 peak compounds with 2 main compounds namely 1.8 cineol at 71.96% and alpha-terpineol 11.44%. Furthermore, antibacterial activity test of eucalyptus leaf essential oil against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria belongs to the category of low. The diameter of the inhibition zone on bacteria E. coli at a concentration of 50µg/µl obtained 4.39 mm zone, while on S. aureus was 4.62 mm zone.
Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efek pemberian fraksi n-heksan, etilasetat, dan metanol dari ekstrak daun kesum dalam memperbaiki kerusakan organ paru akibat paparan benzopirena. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vivo dengan menggunakan hewan model terpapar benzopirena. Pembuatan hewan model kanker terpapar benzopirena dilakukan secara intraperitoneal dengan dosis 200 mg/kg yang dilanjutkan dengan pengobatan menggunakan fraksi n-heksana, etil-asetat, dan metanol dari ekstrak daun kesum. Uji keberhasilan penelitian dilakukan dengan pengukuran kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan pemeriksaan histologis organ paru dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin (HE). Kadar MDA tikus kontrol; tikus terpapar benzopirena; tikus terapi fraksi n-heksana; tikus terapi fraksi etil-asetat; dan tikus terapi fraksi metanol masing-masing adalah 8,44; 6,24; 7,21; 8,47; dan 5,27 ppm. Tingkat kerusakan organ paru tikus kontrol, terpapar benzopirena, terapi fraksi n-heksan, terapi fraksi etil-asetat, dan fraksi metanol masing-masing adalah normal (0,728), strong (3,002), light (1,687), moderate (2,600), dan strong (3,060). Fraksi n-heksana merupakan fraksi yang paling bagus dalam memperbaiki kerusakan organ paru hewan model akibat paparan benzopirena.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan metode pembelajaran problem posing bersetting advanvce organizer dengan metode ceramah, mengetahui seberapa besar metode problem posing bersetting advance organizer terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Pontianak pada materi reaksi redoks. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental design dengan rancangan Nonequivalent Control Group design. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kelas X F sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas X I sebagai kelas eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pengukuran, teknik komunikasi langsung dan teknik observasi langsung. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan nilai rata-rata pretest-posttest pada kelas eksperimen (88,37) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol (69,6). Hasil analisis statistic uji U-Mann witney pada nilai posttest (α= 0,05) diperoleh nilai Pvalue yaitu 0,000 artinya terdapat perbedaan kemampuan hasil belajar antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Perhitungan menggunakan effect size menunjukkan nilai ES=0,72 artinya metode pembelajaran problem posing bersetting advance organizer berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa sebesar 26,42%. Metode pembelajaran problem posing bersetting advance organizer berpengaruh sedang terhadap hasil belajar siswa.Kata Kunci: advance organizer, hasil belajar, problem posing, reaksi redoks ABSTRAK This research had the purpose to find out the difference between students' learning outcomes which were taught using learning problem posing method set in advance organizer and lecture method as well as to know how large the effect problem posing set in advance organizer on students' learning outcomes in class X of SMA Negeri 3 Pontianak on redox reactions. This research was Quasi Experimental Nonequivalent Control Group design. The sampling system was purposive sampling, based on the sampling technique, X F was choosen as control class and X I was choosen as experimental class. The technique of data collection used measurement, direct communication, and direct observation techniques. The result of data analysis showed the mean score of pretest-posttest in experimental class (88,37) was higher compared to control class (69,6). According to the statistical analysis of U-Mann witney test on posttest score (α= 0,05), it was obtained the Pvalue which was 0,000 which mean that there was difference between the ability of learning outcomes in experimental and control class. The calculation using effect size showed ES=0,72 which meant problems posing set in advance organizer effected students' learning outcomes which was 26,42%. Learning problem posing method set in advance organizer had medium effect on students' learning outcomes.
This study was initiated by the students’ low learning outcomes on Chemistry subject and the teachers’ preference in using lecture method in teaching learning process.This study aimed at 1) finding out the differences of students’ learning outcomes between the use of flash media-assisted practical method and lecture method on hydrocarbon class at grade XI MIA of SMA Muhammadiyah I Pontianak. Using quasi experimental design and Control Group Posttes Design, this study employed the students of grade XI MIA 2 as the samples of experiment group, andthe students of grade XI MIA 2 as the samples of control group. The data collection techniques used were measurement and observation. While the instruments employed were observation sheet and essay. TheU-Mann Whitneytest revealed that the post test score of 0,0140< 0,05 Ho was rejected, while the Ha one was accepted. It means that there was correlation of students’ learning outcomes between the experiment and the control groups. In addition, the effect size result was 1,086 > 0,8 and considered high which indicated the positive effect of flash media-assisted practical method in enhancing students’ learning achievement.Keywords: flash, learning outcomes, hydrocarbon, practical method
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