This study discusses the development of Zero Inflated Generalized Poisson Regression (ZIGPR) with two response variables, that is Bivariate ZIGPR (BZIGPR). The extension of the ZIGPR model by considering spatial factor called Geographically Weighted Zero Inflated Generalized Poisson Regression (GWBZIGPR). The GWBZIGPR produces a local parameter estimator for each location of observation. The parameter estimation using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method obtained an equation that did not closed-form so that the numerical iteration of Berndt Hall Hall Hausman (BHHH) is used. The data used in this study are the number of pregnant maternal mortality and postpartum maternal mortality data in 91 sub-districts in Pekalongan Residency, Central Java Province. The results showed that the Akaike Information Criterion Corrected (AICc) value in the GWBZIGPR model is smaller than BZIGPR, so it means that the GWBZIGPR is better than the BZIGPR for modeling the number of pregnant maternal mortality and postpartum maternal mortality in Pekalongan Residency. The results of this study will assist local governments in anticipating the causes of maternal mortality.
We propose a multivariate regression model called Multivariate Zero Inflated Generalized Poisson Regression (MZIGPR) type II. This model further develops the Bivariate Zero Inflated Generalized Poisson Regression (BZIGPR) type II. This study aims to develop parameter estimation, test statistics, and hypothesis testing, both simultaneously and partially, for significant parameters of the MZIGPR model. The steps of the EM algorithm for obtaining the parameter estimator are also described in this article. We use Berndt–Hall–Hall–Hausman (BHHH) numerical iteration to optimize the EM algorithm. Simultaneous testing is carried out using the maximum likelihood ratio test (MLRT) and the Wald test to partially assess the hypothesis. The proposed MZIGPR model is then used to model the three response variables: the number of maternal childbirth deaths, the number of postpartum maternal deaths, and the number of stillbirths with four predictors. The units of observation are the sub-districts of the Pekalongan Residency, Indonesia. The indicate overdispersion in the data on the number of maternal childbirth deaths and stillbirths, and underdispersion in the data on the number of postpartum maternal deaths. The empirical studies show that the three response variables are significantly affected by all the predictor variables.
ABSTRAK. Kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak dijumpai di pesisir pantai Kota Singkawang. Tumbuhan ini berpotensi digunakan untuk mengobati diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri daun kayu putih yang berasal dariKota Singkawang terhadap bakteri uji Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode yang digunakan untuk isolasi minyak atsiri yaitu distilasi uap, sedangkan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil isolasi minyak atsiri daun kayu putih menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 0,55%. Analisis GC-MS menghasilkan 26 puncak senyawa dengan 2 senyawa utama yaitu 1,8 sineol sebesar 71,96% dan alpha-terpineol sebesar 11,44%. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri daun kayu putih terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus menghasilkan aktivitas yang tergolong lemah. Diameter zona hambat terhadap bakteri E. coli dengan konsentrasi 50µg/µl menghasilkan zona sebesar 4,39 mm, sedangkan pada bakteri S. aureus yaitu sebesar 4,62 mm. Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, Melaleuca cajuputi, minyak atsiri daun kayu putih, Singkawang, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRACT. Eucalyptus (Melaleuca cajuputi), is a plant which often found on the coast of the city of Singkawang, West Kalimantan. This plant is potentially used to treat diarrhea. This study aimed to determine antibacterial activity of eucalyptus leaf from Singkawang city on bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolation of the essential oils was using steam distillation, while the analysis of antibacterial activity with well diffusion method. The isolation resulted 0.55% yield. Analysis using GC-MS yielded 26 peak compounds with 2 main compounds namely 1.8 cineol at 71.96% and alpha-terpineol 11.44%. Furthermore, antibacterial activity test of eucalyptus leaf essential oil against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria belongs to the category of low. The diameter of the inhibition zone on bacteria E. coli at a concentration of 50µg/µl obtained 4.39 mm zone, while on S. aureus was 4.62 mm zone.
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