The world is currently battling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been declared as a global pandemic since mid-March 2020. The pandemic has inevitably impacted social and economic activities of the nation, including those in the education sector. As the governments have mandated universities to close their campuses, learning activities has been forced to move online. In this difficult situation, many university administrators, lecturers, as well as students may find it difficult to adapt to the so-called “new normal” ways of learning.   Hence, as this is an unprecedented situation, this study explores the challenges faced by universities as academic institutions, lecturers, and students. This study starts by conducting a literature review concerning the challenges in e-learning in context of a pandemic. Data collected are then analyzed qualitatively using inductive thematic analysis technique, resulting in a taxonomy of e-learning challenges during a pandemic. Our analysis shows that students are challenged by connectivity, e-learning system support, and technological and self-regulation issues. On the other hand, lecturers are being challenged by competency, operational, self-regulation, and isolation issues. Meanwhile, institutions identify financial support and change management as challenging issues. This study highlights the need for further investigation to address the aforementioned challenges in e-learning.

Blockchain is a jointly distributed and decentralized ledger, in which nodes are aiming to record transaction history with very different networks. This technology is quite practical if used in the field of higher education to carry out digital certification, record keeping, etc. From several papers published on this, no single paper covering educational projects based on the blockchain can find it. So there are the latest opportunities for higher education trends. Projects in the field of higher education that are blockchain-based are aimed at solving problems that occur in educators today. On that basis, we conclude that there is a need for a systematic literature review. Therefore, based on the education project, this study will review the artistic gap between the two. This paper will focus on the protocol used in this project and explore several blockchain-based higher education projects that will be the aim of this paper. As well as analyzing the blockchain features currently in use today and the services that will be offered by existing educational projects, to improve the implementation of technology in the field of education by using the blockchain feature.

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The Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) has dramatically affected economic growth, technology advancement, business development and innovation are major contributors to economic growth. Today, the field of technology has transformed the landscape of educational technology. The revolution in technology is rapidly changing, producing new models and methods of education for the future, enhancing the universities capabilities to prepare graduates for future life, life in the real world. The IR 4.0 will advance to establish smart robots and replace humans in certain job sectors and industries. However, specific skills, knowledge and emotional intelligence can never be replaced by robots. Because of the technological advancement, the education sector is forced to begin its technological revolution, focusing on educational innovation, agility, ultimately changing the traditional methods of learning. Many works of literature have discussed educational innovation, by increasing the student’s motivation and changing the student environment of the class. An analysis of the literature conducted on gamification determined that gamification support student achievement and motivation at a college level. The analysis revealed significant signs individual points, badges, achievements leaderboards and levels are the most commonly implemented form of gamification.

As we know, Indonesia has begun to enter the era of revolution 4.0 which in that era there were many changes in all fields including the presence of blockchain technology which began to be in demand. Including in the field of education, the changes that occur in the world of education today are so significant with the commencement of the abandonment of teaching methods that still use conventional methods. Keep track of tasks by book, face to face communication, which of course will cause many losses in a certain period of time, as many tasks that have long been buried become difficult to find when needed, and the possibility of manipulation of tasks is still great. The learning method is considered as a boring and insecure way, where students cannot explore learning because the collected files can still be manipulated by other parties. So from now on the application of learning methods is changed by the concept of gamification which relies on blockchain technology. The gamification learning method was created to compensate for the times when students preferred to play games rather than learning, therefore the gamification method could be applied to management education in higher education.

Era 4.0 has had a significant impact on information technology, especially in digitalization that has entered the field of education. The purpose of this study is to explore how from lecturers to department heads to understand and proficiency in digitizing student assessment in the 4.0 era. This study uses the SDLC waterfall method in building gamificationbased smart assessment. Researchers need to explore how to understand the concept of skills towards digitizing student assessments required to produce an effective and efficient system. The findings show that lecturers are able to see digitalization with broad and complex concepts including the pedagogical, technical, administrative and academic structures of the University. The role of the lecturer seems to play an essential and complex role due to digitization so that it impacts on the level of student motivation. However, time, human resources, as well as professional development, continue to influence in supporting the learning process of lecturers and students. This paper contributes to the digitization and quality of lecturers' smart assessment of students. The contribution shown for lecturers is trying to implement and be able to digitize in 4.0 era as a form of transformation in the field of education. The application of smart assessment helps the quality of lecturers' quality of input scores in students effectively and accurately so that it impacts on students knowing the value in real-time and becomes motivated by gamification.

Penemuan teknologi baru serta koneksi yang meluas berperan penting pada aspek kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan perkembangan teknologi saat ini sistem pendidikan yang terbaru telah dikembangkan namun mengalami kendala terkait  proses pembelajaran, pembayaran, kepercayaan siswa, serta sertifikasi sertifikat. Dengan begitu, teknologi blockchain hadir memperoleh sorotan yang besar dari para periset serta praktisi. Perihal ini atensi yang paling utama disebabkan oleh fitur unik yang dimiliki teknologi blockchain yaitu terkait sistem desentralisasi, keamanan, serta dalam berbagi data. Penyelesaian dalam permasalahan pembelajaran bersumber pada teknologi blockchain. Dengan metode terpercaya serta terdistribusi dalam menyimpan catatan pendidikan pada teknologi blockchain, terciptanya sistem berbagi dalam sumber pembelajaran, berbagi sertifikat digital yang kredibel, serta mengamankan intelektual lewat enkripsi informasi. Riset menampilkan bahwa integrasi pertumbuhan teknologi blockchain merupakan tren yang sangat efektif dalam dunia pendidikan. Penyimpanan informasi blockchain menggunakan database terdistribusi, dan sebagai pencatat blok data. Dalam tahapan penyusunan bersumber pada stempel waktu. Pada bok informasi yang baru tidak bisa dihilangkan. Meminimalisir penghancuran informasi serta menurunkan tingkat penipuan adalah fungsi dari algoritma kriptografi. Dalam perkembangan, hampir seluruh pembelajaran sentralisasi memberikan kursus mutu yang monoton. serta kurangnya pengakuan publik atas sistem sertifikasi yang efisien. Pencatatan informasi penyusunan teknologi blockchain memberikan metode yang efektif dalam pencatatan informasi pembelajaran Ulasan ini merupakan Tinjauan sistematis studi menyelidiki aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis blockchain. Dalam Suatu analisis hasil rinci dari tiap tema dicoba dan juga dialog intensif berdasarkan penemuan. Tinjauan ini juga menawarkan wawasan ke wilayah pembelajaran yang lain yang bisa mengambil faedah dari teknologi blockchain.

The transformation of education developed with the gamification element bringing new trends in the era of disruption. Gamification is growing rapidly in the world of online education, with more and more educational institutions adopting elements of the game. With the game based education not only for students, but also for lecturers who are motivated because they get rewards. Even though gamification education plays an important role in online learning, there is no literature from the lecturer side that explains the benefits of applying gamification in the context of responsibility for giving student test scores and their impact on their attitude towards test scores. This study discusses the lecturer's negligence in providing test scores that are not timely using the viewboard method in the context of gamification. Viewboard and gamification are a combination that can provide solutions in the technology literature in the millennial era. With the viewboard, this research presents information visualization that examines the impact of gamification on the intention of lecturers to be involved in it and their attitude towards student test scores. Quantitative methodology is used which results in empirical support for the benefits obtained by increasing the motivation of lecturers. However, the paradigm of the system used is still found between the intentions of lecturers to be involved in the gamification process in granting student test scores not yet significant. Based on the results of the study, the findings of this study have theories and practical implications..