ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the seeds of Citrullus colocynthis,Coccinia grandis, Cucumis metuliferus and Cucumis prophetarum belonging to the family of Cucurbitaceae. For each variety, the ash, protein, fat, calcium, copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc were determined. The oils were characterized by the determination of the acid (IA), iodine (II), saponification (IS), refraction (IR) numbers as well as the fatty acids and anti-oxidants composition and the nonsaponification percentage. Our results showed: 13.19-26.86 % protein content, 14.48-24.62 % fat content, and 2.00-4.46 % % ash content. Respectively the mineral matter was as follow: calcium (246.90-569.47 mg/100 g); copper (5.10-5.79 mg/100 g); iron (10.95-15.57 mg/100 g); magnesium (209.83-289.07 mg/100 g); potassium (465.27-1205.12 mg/100 g); phosphorus (30.03-49.13 mg/100 g); sodium (11.89-16.67 mg/100 g) and zinc (1.05-2.92 mg/100 g). The physicochemical characterization of the oil revealed that: IA was within 2.90-6.31 mg of KOH/g, IS within 171.67-208.90 mg of KOH/g, II within 138.10-146.74 g of iodine for 100 g of oils and IR within 1.4607-1.4620. The non-saponification percentage was within 1.07-3.39 % and the predominant fatty acids were palmitic acid (15.12-17.29 %), stearic acid (7.65-9.04 %), oleic acid (10.77 %-18.57 %) and linoleic acid (56.21-64.188 %). The study of the anti-oxidants fraction showed: 8.04-80 mg/kg α-tocopherol content, 83.14-619.37 mg/kg γ-tocopherol content and 0.05-0.23 mg/kg β-carotene content.
Abstract:Introduction: Universal dietary salt iodization (UDSI) was implemented in Niger in 1996. However, since 2000 there was a slowdown in progress against iodine deficiency.
Objective:The objective was to assess iodine nutritional status of infants and their lactating mothers living in Dosso, the state capital of a severe iodine deficiency region in Niger.
Methods:The study was centered on 238 full-term infants and their mothers. Some of the data collected were: arm circumference (AC), head circumference (HC) of infant; familial thyroid disease history; the infant feeding method; age of the mother and child; parity, occupation and educational level of the mother.Results: In infants, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) ranged from 20 to 1600 µg/l with a median of 220 µg/L and 17.23 % had iodine deficiency (UIC0.05). Spearman's correlation test indicated weak significant correlation between maternal and infant UIC (r = 0,167, p = 0, 01).
Conclusion:Iodine status was suboptimal in 70% of mothers and 17% (mild to moderate) of breastfed infants, thus indicating an urgent need to provide iodine supplement for lactating women in Dosso.
Introduction: Since 1996, Niger has officially adopted the universal dietary salt iodization program (UDSI).Objective: It is a before-after trial study conducted to determine the impact of UDSI program in Tiguey 16 years after.
Subjects and methods:The study was centered on 371 volunteers whose thyroid gland was palpated and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) determined in 319 of them.Results: The total goitre rate (TGR) was 13.20% with 9.70% invisible but palpable goitre (G1) and 3.50% visible goitre (G2). In 1987, the TGR was 77.15%, with 25.25% G1 and 51.90 % G2. The median UIC was 166.00 µg/L, the 20th percentile 66.40 µg/L and the 80 th percentile was 300 µg/L. 68.34 % of the volunteers had a UIC ≥ 100 µg/L, 2.51% <20 µg/L, 10.97% between 20 and 49 µg/L and 18.18% between 50 and 99 µg/L. In 1987, only 3.96% of the studied sample had a UIC ≥ 100 µg/L, 45 % had a UIC <20 µg/L, 35% between 20 and 49 µg/L and 16% from 50 to 99 µg/L. No significant relationship was found between UIC and age and gender or goitre prevalence and gender (P> 0.05). However, goitre prevalence increases significantly with age (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:The implementation of the UDSI program in Niger decreased goitre prevalence and significantly improved the nutritional iodine status of the populations of Tiguey. However a slight endemic goitre and mild to moderate iodine deficiency persists.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
Universal dietary salt iodisation (UDSI) programme was implemented in Niger in 1996. However, since 2000, there has been a slowdown in progress against iodine deficiency. The aim of our study was to assess the iodine status among pregnant women in a context where national controls are not effective at ensuring universal availability of adequately iodised salt. This is mainly to assess the impact of the slowdown in the fight against iodine deficiency in this vulnerable group. The study was centred on 240 healthy pregnant women volunteers recruited in three districts primary health centres. A control group of 60 non-pregnant, non-lactating healthy women was also studied and compared. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of all pregnant women was 119 μg L(-1) , and 61.67% had UIC below 150 μg L(-1) . Median UIC for the first, second and third trimester were 144, 108 and 92 μg L(-1) , respectively. The percentage of pregnant women with UIC below 150 μg L(-1) increased from 52% in the first trimester to 66% in the third trimester. The median UIC of the control group was 166 μg L(-1) , and 28.33% had UIC below 100 μg L(-1) . No significant relationship was found between nutritional iodine status and provenance, age and parity. However, significant relationship was found between iodine status and stage of pregnancy, gestational age and educational level (P < 0.05). Iodine nutrition status thus observed was inadequate in 61.67% of all the pregnant women. It is therefore urgent to revitalise implementation of the UDSI programme, and in the short term to consider iodine supplementation for pregnant women.
ABSTRACT:Objective: Agronomic potentialities of 18 cucurbitaceous cultivars from two species were assessed in a period of two years on the experimental field of the University Of Niamey Faculty Of Sciences. The experiment was a complete random block. Seventeen (17) cultivars of the Lagenaria siceraria species of which only one species from the Citrullus colocynthis.Methodology and results: Thirteen (13) characteristics were studied. Variance analyses showed that there was very significant difference ( p= 0.05) between cultivars for all studied characteristics, except the duration of the emergence, the date of fructification, the width of the fruit and the weight of the seed the first year. In this way, short-cycle and long cycle cultivars, as well as productive and less productive cultivars are identified. Correlations between the different characteristics showed that the yield in berries is very positively correlated to the weight of a berry (r = 0.76) and the number of seeds per berry (r = 0.61) and negatively with the width (r = -0.66) and the length (r = -0.73) of a seed. The average production in berries is 17 per plant in the first year against 6 the second year. Better productivity is achieved with Citrullus colocynthis, which gave 82 berries per plant the 1 st year. The average yield in seeds was 180.15 kg / ha in the first year and 704.30 kg / ha, in the second year. Conclusion and application of results: Niger cucurbitaceous are unknown and the results of this study show that they have a lot of potentiality and can contribute to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, especially in its food security and fight against poverty programs, since they represent an important source of income for the population.
animal proteins through multiple animal productions such as meat, eggs, milk and products, including cheese. It is a major socioeconomic activity. Themilk (a nutritious and
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.