Linkage analysis confirmed the association in the region of PHYC in pearl millet. The comparison of genes found in this region suggests that PHYC is the best candidate. Major efforts are currently underway to dissect the phenotype-genotype relationship in plants and animals using existing populations. This method exploits historical recombinations accumulated in these populations. However, linkage disequilibrium sometimes extends over a relatively long distance, particularly in genomic regions containing polymorphisms that have been targets for selection. In this case, many genes in the region could be statistically associated with the trait shaped by the selected polymorphism. Statistical analyses could help in identifying the best candidate genes into such a region where an association is found. In a previous study, we proposed that a fragment of the PHYTOCHROME C gene (PHYC) is associated with flowering time and morphological variations in pearl millet. In the present study, we first performed linkage analyses using three pearl millet F2 families to confirm the presence of a QTL in the vicinity of PHYC. We then analyzed a wider genomic region of ~100 kb around PHYC to pinpoint the gene that best explains the association with the trait in this region. A panel of 90 pearl millet inbred lines was used to assess the association. We used a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach to compare 75 markers distributed along this 100-kb region. We found the best candidate markers on the PHYC gene. Signatures of selection in this region were assessed in an independent data set and pointed to the same gene. These results foster confidence in the likely role of PHYC in phenotypic variation and encourage the development of functional studies.
Au Niger, lors des crises alimentaires, les graines de Boscia senegalensis, appelé anza en langue local, constituent un des principaux aliments de cueillette de subsistance pour les ménages ruraux. L'objectif de la présente étude était de déterminer la composition en acides aminés des graines de Boscia issues de différentes méthodes de désamérisation. La teneur en protéines totaux et en 16 acides aminés, dont les 8 acides aminés essentiels, des graines non cuites et cuites ont été déterminées. Le résultat obtenu montre que la teneur en protéines varie de 16,11 à 22,82%. Les acides aminés majeurs sont l'acide glutamique (2,32-3,33 %), acide aspartique (1,71-2,36 %) et la phénylalanine (1,34-2,19 %) tandis que la méthionine, l'histidine, la thréonine et la tyrosine sont les acides aminés limitant dans toutes les graines. Des faibles teneurs sont aussi trouvées pour la lysine (0-1,31 %). L'acide aminé essentiel majeur est la phénylalanine. Les essentiels mineurs sont la 92 méthionine et la thréonine. De façon générale, les méthodes de traitements traditionnelles influencent positivement la teneur en protéines et en certains acides aminés essentiels des graines de Boscia senegalensis. AbstractIn Niger, during food crises, Boscia senegalensis seeds, called Anza in the local language, are one of the main subsistence food crops for rural households. The objective of this study was to determine the amino acid composition of Boscia seeds from different deamerization methods. The protein and 16 amino acid content, including all 8 essential amino acids, of uncooked and cooked seeds were determined according to standard methods. The result obtained shows that the protein content varies from 16.11 to 22.82%. The major amino acids are glutamic acid (2.32-3.33%), aspartic acid European Scientific Journal February 2019 edition Vol.15, No.6 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 93(1.71-2.36%) and phenylalanine (1.34-2.19%) while methionine, histidine, threonine and tyrosine are the limiting amino acids in all seeds. Low levels are also found for lysine (0-1.31%). The major essential amino acid is phenylalanine and the minor essential amino acids are methionine and threonine (1.34-2.19%). In general, traditional processing methods positively influence the content of proteins and certain essential amino acids in Boscia senegalensis seeds.
ABSTRACT:Objective: Agronomic potentialities of 18 cucurbitaceous cultivars from two species were assessed in a period of two years on the experimental field of the University Of Niamey Faculty Of Sciences. The experiment was a complete random block. Seventeen (17) cultivars of the Lagenaria siceraria species of which only one species from the Citrullus colocynthis.Methodology and results: Thirteen (13) characteristics were studied. Variance analyses showed that there was very significant difference ( p= 0.05) between cultivars for all studied characteristics, except the duration of the emergence, the date of fructification, the width of the fruit and the weight of the seed the first year. In this way, short-cycle and long cycle cultivars, as well as productive and less productive cultivars are identified. Correlations between the different characteristics showed that the yield in berries is very positively correlated to the weight of a berry (r = 0.76) and the number of seeds per berry (r = 0.61) and negatively with the width (r = -0.66) and the length (r = -0.73) of a seed. The average production in berries is 17 per plant in the first year against 6 the second year. Better productivity is achieved with Citrullus colocynthis, which gave 82 berries per plant the 1 st year. The average yield in seeds was 180.15 kg / ha in the first year and 704.30 kg / ha, in the second year. Conclusion and application of results: Niger cucurbitaceous are unknown and the results of this study show that they have a lot of potentiality and can contribute to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, especially in its food security and fight against poverty programs, since they represent an important source of income for the population.
Food insecurity is an almost permanent reality in Niger due to climatic hazards. This study is a contribution to the capitalization and enhancement of Community know-how in the exploitation of natural resources and addresses the role of spontaneous foods of plant origin in the search for diversity and dietary balance, specifically the potentialities of Boscia senegalensis. It is a species whose different parts are used for many purposes in Niger. The different recipes based on immature seeds processed in two departments of Niger, Banibangou and Bambèye are listed. To this end, a questionnaire was sent to 128 women in Bambèye and 114 in Banibangou. The recipes identified are those implemented by women from these different communities. A total
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