Iodine Deficiency Disorders After Sixteen Years of Universal Dietary Salt Iodization in a Severe Iodine Deficiency Village in Niger

Abstract

Introduction: Since 1996, Niger has officially adopted the universal dietary salt iodization program (UDSI).Objective: It is a before-after trial study conducted to determine the impact of UDSI program in Tiguey 16 years after. Subjects and methods:The study was centered on 371 volunteers whose thyroid gland was palpated and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) determined in 319 of them.Results: The total goitre rate (TGR) was 13.20% with 9.70% invisible but palpable goitre (G1) and 3.50% visible goitre (G2). In 1987, the TGR was 77.15%, with 25.25% G1 and 51.90 % G2. The median UIC was 166.00 µg/L, the 20th percentile 66.40 µg/L and the 80 th percentile was 300 µg/L. 68.34 % of the volunteers had a UIC ≥ 100 µg/L, 2.51% <20 µg/L, 10.97% between 20 and 49 µg/L and 18.18% between 50 and 99 µg/L. In 1987, only 3.96% of the studied sample had a UIC ≥ 100 µg/L, 45 % had a UIC <20 µg/L, 35% between 20 and 49 µg/L and 16% from 50 to 99 µg/L. No significant relationship was found between UIC and age and gender or goitre prevalence and gender (P> 0.05). However, goitre prevalence increases significantly with age (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The implementation of the UDSI program in Niger decreased goitre prevalence and significantly improved the nutritional iodine status of the populations of Tiguey. However a slight endemic goitre and mild to moderate iodine deficiency persists.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

Poor dietary diversity, wealth status and use of un-iodized salt are associated with goiter among school children: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia

“…As the child’s age advances by a year, the probability of developing goiter was increased by 12%. The finding was supported by another study in Ethiopia [28] and Nigeria [35]. This is due to the fact that, iodine requirement increases with age.…”

“…However, this prevalence was highest compared to reports of other developing countries, such as India (4.83–21.23%) [33, 34], Nigeria (13.2%) [35], and Saudi Arabia (11%) [19]. The discrepancy could be attributed to shorter duration of time in the implementation of universal salt iodization program in the study area compared to the latter study settings.…”

Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Gazgibla District, Northeast Ethiopia

“…32 The prevalence was also higher in this study than other studies done among children in different parts of the world which ranges from 5.5% to 35.9%. 33–42 Likewise, the prevalence of goiter in this study was higher than various study reports among children in Ethiopia which showed a prevalence ranging from 26.3% to 62.1%. 17–19,22,24,43–45 On the other hand, the prevalence in this study was lower than other study findings.…”

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“…The study (21) also detected a high urinary iodine concentration among children in the city, which reported that it could be due to the consumption of over-iodised salt. South Kordofan's prevalence of goitre among children largely exceeded other developing countries, such as Ethiopia (39•9 %) (15) , Niger (13•2 %) (22) and India (23•6 %) (23) . This may be attributed to the successful implementation of the IDD elimination program in these countries.…”

“…South Kordofan’s prevalence of goitre among children largely exceeded other developing countries, such as Ethiopia (39·9 %) ( 15 ) , Niger (13·2 %) ( 22 ) and India (23·6 %) ( 23 ) . This may be attributed to the successful implementation of the IDD elimination program in these countries.…”