Eight types of capsules containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 with addition of inulin and/or ascorbic acid were prepared by emulsion method with milk protein matrix or by extrusion method with alginate matrix. The size of protein and alginate capsules containing only Bb12 was 204 ± 18 µm and 1.7 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Addition of both inulin (1% w/w) and ascorbic acid (0.5% w/w) increased the size of alginate capsules. Both methods of encapsulation prevented efficiently the manifestation of Bb12 cell metabolic activity. All types of encapsulation provided higher resistance of Bb12 cells to the conditions of a model gastrointestinal tract (GIT) compared to free cells. The influence of co-encapsulation with inulin (1% w/w) and ascorbic acid (0.5% w/w) on viability in model GIT was not demonstrable in alginate capsules but it was significant in protein capsules. The most efficient was co-encapsulation in a protein matrix with 1% w/w inulin and 0.5% w/w ascorbic acid.<br /><br />
Water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (w/o/w) emulsions were prepared using commonly available raw materials and a two‐step emulsification process. Several combinations of milk proteins and hydrocolloids were tested as internal water phases. Emulsions prepared with milk or colostrum exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiencies. In particular, w/o/w emulsions with internal water phases composed of colostrum, without addition of hydrocolloids, were the most stable. However, the addition of xanthan gum proved to be synergistic in stabilizing w/o/w whey emulsions.
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