Novel Potential Probiotic Lactobacilli for Prevention and Treatment of Vulvovaginal Infections

Kumherová, Monika; Veselá, Kristina; Kosová, M.; Mašata, Jaromír; Horáčková, Šárka; Šmidrkal, Ján

doi:10.1007/s12602-020-09675-2

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Among the compounds which are worth mentioning are those synthesized by bacteria, which are characterized by probiotic as well as antimicrobial activity, also against Candida. Among the microorganisms with probiotic anti-Candida potential, there are mainly bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, including L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosum, L. crispatus, L. fermentum, and L. brevis [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Besides their probiotic potential, these strains are characterized by production of variety antimicrobial compounds like organic acids, ethanol, enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide andantimicrobial peptides (AMPs) [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticandidal Activity of Omiganan and Its Retro Analog Alone and in Combination with Fluconazole

Czechowicz

Jaśkiewicz

Neubauer

et al. 2021

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a vaginal infection that manifests itself as several symptoms which can lead to various life-threatening complications. The majority of VVC is caused by Candida albicans strains, and it is estimated that approximately 75% of women worldwide would suffer from this condition at least once during their lifetime. Surprisingly, the detailed pathomechanism of yeast-like fungi invasions in vagina is not yet fully understood. However, the ability to form biofilm on vaginal mucosa is considered as one of the critical factors associated with failure of the therapy and recurrences of the disease. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising class of compounds that are receiving a growing interest owing to their antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm properties. Omiganan is a synthetic analog of Indolicidin that is characterized by wide spectrum of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Recent reports suggest improved activity of analogs with a reversed sequence (retro-analog concept). Therefore, Omiganan and its retro analog were tested against planktonic forms and biofilm of 18 Candida strains isolated from VVC. Moreover, the synergy between the AMPs and fluconazole was studied as well. The AMPs appeared to be effective against C. albicans biofilm, and the reversion of the sequence generally led to an improved antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, confocal and scanning electron microscopic visualizations revealed the effectiveness of AMPs-fluconazole combinations also against fluconazole-resistant strains. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticandidal Activity of Omiganan and Its Retro Analog Alone and in Combination with Fluconazole

Czechowicz

Jaśkiewicz

Neubauer

et al. 2021

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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“…Lactobacillus spp. represent the dominant bacterial species of vaginal microbiota and a variety of studies highlight their protective role in protecting against infections by Candida species [ 41 – 43 ]. Compared to the control infection conditions ( S3A Fig ), colonization with L .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human albumin enhances the pathogenic potential of Candida glabrata on vaginal epithelial cells

et al. 2021

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The opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata is the second most frequent causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a disease that affects 70–75% of women at least once during their life. However, C. glabrata is almost avirulent in mice and normally incapable of inflicting damage to vaginal epithelial cells in vitro. We thus proposed that host factors present in vivo may influence C. glabrata pathogenicity. We, therefore, analyzed the impact of albumin, one of the most abundant proteins of the vaginal fluid. The presence of human, but not murine, albumin dramatically increased the potential of C. glabrata to damage vaginal epithelial cells. This effect depended on macropinocytosis-mediated epithelial uptake of albumin and subsequent proteolytic processing. The enhanced pathogenicity of C. glabrata can be explained by a combination of beneficial effects for the fungus, which includes an increased access to iron, accelerated growth, and increased adhesion. Screening of C. glabrata deletion mutants revealed that Hap5, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, is essential for the albumin-augmented damage potential. The albumin-augmented pathogenicity was reversed by the addition of iron chelators and a similar increase in pathogenicity was shown by increasing the iron availability, confirming a key role of iron. Accelerated growth not only led to higher cell numbers, but also to increased fungal metabolic activity and oxidative stress resistance. Finally, the albumin-driven enhanced damage potential was associated with the expression of distinct C. glabrata virulence genes. Transcriptional responses of the epithelial cells suggested an unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-stress responses combined with glucose starvation induced by fast growing C. glabrata cells as potential mechanisms by which cytotoxicity is mediated.Collectively, we demonstrate that albumin augments the pathogenic potential of C. glabrata during interaction with vaginal epithelial cells. This suggests a role for albumin as a key player in the pathogenesis of VVC.

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“…In this study, two EOs (i.e., L. x intermedia and M. arvensis ) were selected from a panel of EOs belonging to the Lamiaceae family on the basis of their antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae and C. albicans , vaginal colonizers, and opportunistic pathogens, respectively. S. agalactiae colonizes female genital tract and it is the main cause of neonatal diseases, being transmitted vertically from a colonized mother to her newborn at birth [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Candida vaginitis is a complicated disease with wide-reaching effects that are governed by fungal biology and host physiology and response [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Streptococcus agalactiae , also known as the Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic pathogen for pregnant women, newborns, and elderly persons. GBS colonizes the female genital tract (50% of the female population), the gastrointestinal tract and the urethra of both men and women [ 3 ]. Between 10 and 30% of pregnant women are intermittently or persistently colonized by GBS and they are at risk of transmitting this pathogen to their newborn infant in the perinatal period [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Family against Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans Biofilms

et al. 2020

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The antimicrobial activity of different essential oils (EOs) from the Lamiaceae family was evaluated on Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans, and lactobacilli. S. agalactiae is the main cause of severe neonatal infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. C. albicans is a primary causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis, a multifactorial infectious disease of the lower female reproductive tract. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species of the vaginal flora and constitute the natural defense against pathogens. On the basis of the preliminary results, the attention was focused on the EOs from Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. and Mentha arvensis L. By using gas ghromatography (GS) retention data and mass spectra, it was possible to identify more than 90% of the total composition of the EO samples. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm activity of the two EOs were determined against all isolated strains, using the EOs by themselves or in combination with each other and with drugs (erythromycin and fluconazole). The results showed a good antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of both EOs and a synergistic effect, leading to the best results against all the strains, resulted using the combinations EOs/EOs and antimicrobials/EOs.

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Novel Potential Probiotic Lactobacilli for Prevention and Treatment of Vulvovaginal Infections

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Anticandidal Activity of Omiganan and Its Retro Analog Alone and in Combination with Fluconazole

Anticandidal Activity of Omiganan and Its Retro Analog Alone and in Combination with Fluconazole

Human albumin enhances the pathogenic potential of Candida glabrata on vaginal epithelial cells

Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Family against Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans Biofilms

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