ABSTRACT

Sodium monensin or propolis extract in the diet of crossbred (½ RedAngusThis work was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition and the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus muscle of crossbred bulls (F1 -½ Red Angus x ½ Nellore) with an initial average age of 20 months old and an initial average weight of 393 ± 24 kg finished in feedlot. Three treatments (Control -CON, Sodium monensin -MON and Propolis extract -PRO) were evaluated. The animals were kept in feedlot for 70 days and slaughtered at an average weight of 498 ± 25 kg. They were fed with corn silage (roughage), cracked corn, soybean meal, urea, limestone and mineral salt. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 50:50. The bulls were fed twice daily, at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. The chemical composition and the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus muscle was measured between the 12 th and 13 th ribs. The inclusion of additives (sodium monensin or propolis extract) did not influence (P > 0.05) the chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, ashes, total lipids and total cholesterol) of the animals' Longissimus muscle. Therefore, diet has little effect on fatty acid composition of the Longissimus muscle of bulls. However, the percentage of C18:2 n-6 fatty acid was lower (P < 0.05) as a percentage of total fatty acids in the CON diet in comparison to the MON and PRO diets. On the contrary, the percentage of C22:6 n -3 fatty acid was higher (P < 0.05) as a percentage of total fatty acids in the CON diet in comparison to the PRO diet. However, diet did not influence (P > 0.05) polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, saturated fatty, n-6, or n-3 fatty acids or the ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 fatty acids. Key words: CLA, cholesterol, fatty acid, ionophores, meat quality DOI: 10.5433/1679 Abstract Este trabalho foi realizado para estudar o efeito da adição de monensina sódica ou produto à base de própolis sobre as características de carcaça e composição química do músculo Longissimus de bovinos mestiços não castrados terminados em confinamento. Foram usados 24 bovinos com peso vivo médio de 393,3 ± 24 kg e 20 meses de idade. Os bovinos foram divididos em três tratamentos: 1. Controle (CON), 2. Monensina sódica (MON) ou 3. Produto à base de própolis (PRO). Os bovinos foram mantidos em confinamento durante 70 dias e alimentados com silagem de milho (volumoso) e milho moído, farelo de soja, ureia, calcário e sal mineral (concentrado). A relação volumoso: concentrado foi de 50:50. Os bovinos foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia (8 e 16 horas). Foram determinadas as características de carcaça e composição química do músculo Longissimus. As características quantitativas (peso de carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça quente, espessura de gordura de cobertura, área de olho de lombo e a percentagem de músculo, gordura e osso) e qualitativas (marmorização, textura e cor) das carcaças não foram alteradas (P > 0,05) pelas dietas. A composição química do músculo Longissimus (umidade, cinzas, proteína bruta, lipídeos totais e colesterol total) foi semelhante (P > 0,05) nos bovinos ...

-Two height cuttings of corn silage with or without enzyme inoculants were evaluated for 68 days on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and chemical composition of the Longissimus muscle in crossbred bulls (F1 -½ Nellore vs. ½ Angus) finished in feedlot. Thirty-two 20-month-old bulls, with initial average weight of 374±25 kg, were kept in individual pens (10 m 2 ). Diets consisted of 50% roughage and 50% concentrate, with an expected 1.80 kg/day weight gain. The experimental design with four diets and eight replications was completely randomized. Different cutting heights, low (25 cm) and high (45 cm), with or without enzyme inoculants, were studied. Live weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, muscle, fat and bone percentages at the 11 th and 12 th ribs, chemical composition of the Longissimus muscle, sum of saturated, mono-unsaturated, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, n-3 fatty acids, n-6 fatty acids, and the poly-unsaturated:saturated and n-6:n-3 relations were determined. Cutting height of silage corn and the use of inoculants did not affect final live weight, average daily gain, feed intake, alimentary efficiency of dry matter, carcass characteristics, meat quality, chemical composition of the Longissimus muscle or fatty acid profile. High cutting of silage corn (45 cm above the ground) and the use of inoculants are not necessary in the case of cattle finished in feedlot, with 1.8 kg daily gain.

ResumoObjetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos de inoculantes microbianos sobre as perdas por gases e efluentes, recuperação de matéria seca, pH, ácidos graxos voláteis e composição bromatológica de silagens de bagaço de laranja, usando-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: silagem de bagaço de laranja (CONT), silagem de bagaço de laranja + Lactobacillus plantarum (LAC), silagem de bagaço de laranja + Lactobacillus buchneri (BUCH); silagem de bagaço de laranja + Lactobacillus plantarum e buchneri (LACBUCH). Os inoculantes foram aplicados na razão de 25 litros de solução por tonelada de forragem, contendo 1x10 3 UFC respectivamente de Lactobacillus plantarum e de Lactobacillus buchneri por grama de silagem. Não houve efeito do uso de diferentes inoculantes sobre as perdas por gases e efluentes, assim como no pH. Os teores de matéria seca, proteína bruta, carboidratos não fibrosos, matéria mineral, extrato etéreo e o perfil de ácidos graxos não sofreram alterações significativas com a inclusão dos inoculantes. Os teores de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido foram superiores para a silagem com Lactobacillus buchneri em relação à silagem controle. O uso de inoculantes microbianos na silagem de bagaço de laranja não resulta em benefícios relacionados às perdas durante a ensilagem ou componentes nutricionais. Palavras-chave: Efluentes, gases, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, perfil de ácidos graxos AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of microbial inoculants on the reduced concentration of gases and effluent, dry matter recovery, pH, volatile fatty acids, and chemical composition of orange pulp silage, using a completely randomized design, with four treatments and four replicates per treatment. The treatments were: orange pulp silage (CONT), citrus pulp silage + Lactobacillus plantarum (LAC), citrus pulp silage + Lactobacillus buchneri (BUCH), citrus pulp silage + Lactobacillus plantarum and buchneri (LACBUCH). Inoculants were applied at a rate of 25 liters of solution per ton of citrus pulp containing 1x10 3 CFU respectively of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri per gram of silage. There was no effect of the usage of different inoculants

The current study aims to assess the effect from crude glycerin inclusion (0, 7, 14, and 21% dry matter) in the diet of slaughtered lamb on their development, nutrient consumption, biometrical measures, diet economic viability and carcass features. Thirty two (32) non-castrated male Texel lambs were used in the study, they presented mean initial weight 15.9 ± 4.1 kilos and were distributed in casual outlining. They were fed with four treatments, with 8 repetitions. Animals were slaughtered when they reached approximately 35 kilos. The mean total weight gain was 20.72 kilos and mean daily weight gain was 260 grams. No changes resulted from glycerin use. The carcass performance was similar among treatments (P>0.05) and the cold carcass performance (CCP) was 44.68%. There were no effects (P>0.05) on the loin eye area (LEA) and on fat thickness (FT); they showed averages of 13.66 cm 2 and 0.84 mm, respectively. Nutrition cost per animal during the whole confinement period varied between R$82.60 (eighty-two Reais and forty-eight cents) to R$92.48. The smallest nutrition amount consisted of 21% crude glycerin. The gross profit ranged from R$30.75 to R$ 34.01 per animal, for feed without glycerin and 21% glycerin, respectively. Animal development was not impacted by glycerin introduction, even with decrease on dry and organic mass consumption. The result showed that crude glycerin inclusion might be used in lambs' diet. Whenever there are big amounts of feed involved in the process, the 21% crude glycerin addition may be an interesting cost reduction. Seventy eight percent (78%) glycerol crude glycerin to replace corn-based feed in confined lambs' diet appeared to be nutritionally and economically viable. ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito dos teores de inclusão de glicerina bruta (0, 7, 14, e 21% da matéria seca) na dieta de cordeiros em terminação, sobre o desempenho, o consumo de nutrientes, as medidas biométricas, a viabilidade econômica da dieta e características da carcaça. Utilizou-se 32 cordeiros machos não castrados da raça Texel, com peso médio inicial de 15,9 ± 4,1 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. Ao atingir o peso médio de 35 kg, os animais foram abatidos. O ganho de peso total foi em média 20,72 kg e o ganho de peso médio diário foi de 260 g e não sofreram alterações com o uso da glicerina. As características de rendimento de carcaça avaliadas se assemelharam entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) e o rendimento de carcaça fria (RCF) foi em média 44,68%. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) para área de olho de lombo (AOL) e espessura de gordura (EG), apresentando médias de 13,66 cm 2 e 0,84 mm, respectivamente. Os custos com alimentação por animal no período total de confinamento variaram entre R$82,60 a R$92,48, sendo o menor valor para o tratamentos contendo 21% de glicerina bruta. A margem bruta de lucro variou de R$30,75 a R$ 34,01 por animal, para ração sem glicerina e com 21% de glicerina, respectivamente. O desempenho anim...

This study aimed to evaluate the Texel lambs' meat quality fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin (0, 7, 14, and 21% of dry matter) in the diet. Thirthy-two-two non-castrated male Texel lambs were used, with initial weight of 15.9 ± 4.1 kg, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight repetitions, per treatment. Upon reaching the average weight of 35 kg, the animals were slaughtered. The meat chemical composition was similar among treatments (P>0.05) and total lipids and crude protein presented averages of 3.47 and 20.05 g 100g -1, respectively. No changes in pH, marbling, color, and water loss under pressure were observed. The shear force did not change among treatments and the texture can be considered soft, with average values of 5.48 kgf. There was a linear (P<0.05) decrease in odor values by the addition of glycerin and no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed for the attributes flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance among treatments. Fatty acids in higher proportions in the meat lamb were to C18:1n-9 (1298.90 mg 100g -1 ), C16:0 (709.07 mg 100g -1 ) and C18:0 (433.30 mg 100g -1 ), with percentages of 42.72, 23.07 and 14.35%, respectively. Significant difference according to the glycerin level in the diet was observed only for the margaric acid (C17:0) with an increasing linear effect, reaching 58.95 mg 100g -1 muscle to the group with 21% crude glycerin, corresponding to 1.77% of total fatty acids. The other fatty acids did not change, and provided a satisfactory result for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), totaling about 6.1 mg 100 g -1 muscle, corresponding to 0.21% of total lipids. The use of glycerin in the diet for finishing lambs does not alter the characteristics of the meat, maintaining the product quality for consumption. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da carne de cordeiros Texel alimentados com níveis crescentes de glicerina bruta (0, 7, 14 e 21% da matéria seca) na dieta. Trinta e dois cordeiros Texel machos não castrados foram avaliados, com peso inicial de 15,9 ± 4,1 kg, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. Ao atingir o peso médio de 35 kg, os animais foram abatidos. A composição química da carne foi similar entre os tratamentos e as medias de lipídios totais e proteína bruta foram 3,47 e 20,05 g 100 g -1 , respectivamente. Não houve variações nos valores de pH, marmoreio, cor e perda de água por pressão. A força de cisalhamento não variou entre os tratamentos e a textura da carne pode ser considerada macia, com valores médios de 5,48 kg-f. Houve decréscimo linear nos valores de odor em função da adição de glicerina bruta e não houve diferença significativa para sabor, maciez, suculência, e aceitação geral entre os tratamentos. Os ácidos graxos encontrados em maiores proporções na carne de cordeiros foram C18:1n-9 (1298,90 mg 100g ), com porcentagens de 42,72, 23,07 e 14,35%, respectivamente. Foi observada diferença significativa em função do nível de glicerina na dieta apenas pa...

<p>The current study aims to assess the effect from crude glycerin inclusion (0, 7, 14, and 21% dry matter) in the diet of slaughtered lamb on their development, nutrient consumption, biometrical measures, diet economic viability and carcass features. Thirty two (32) non-castrated male Texel lambs were used in the study, they presented mean initial weight 15.9 ± 4.1 kilos and were distributed in casual outlining. They were fed with four treatments, with 8 repetitions. Animals were slaughtered when they reached approximately 35 kilos. The mean total weight gain was 20.72 kilos and mean daily weight gain was 260 grams. No changes resulted from glycerin use. The carcass performance was similar among treatments (P&gt;0.05) and the cold carcass performance (CCP) was 44.68%. There were no effects (P&gt;0.05) on the loin eye area (LEA) and on fat thickness (FT); they showed averages of 13.66 cm2 and 0.84 mm, respectively. Nutrition cost per animal during the whole confinement period varied between R$82.60 (eighty-two Reais and forty-eight cents) to R$92.48. The smallest nutrition amount consisted of 21% crude glycerin. The gross profit ranged from R$30.75 to R$ 34.01 per animal, for feed without glycerin and 21% glycerin, respectively. Animal development was not impacted by glycerin introduction, even with decrease on dry and organic mass consumption. The result showed that crude glycerin inclusion might be used in lambs’ diet. Whenever there are big amounts of feed involved in the process, the 21% crude glycerin addition may be an interesting cost reduction. Seventy eight percent (78%) glycerol crude glycerin to replace corn-based feed in confined lambs’ diet appeared to be nutritionally and economically viable.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>