Background: Diabetes is one of the most important metabolic diseases in the world and exercise is a common advice to manage diabetes and reduce its complications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on blood glucose, blood pressure and resting heart rate in males with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 males with type 2 diabetes with mean age of 46 ± 3.4 years old who met the inclusion criteria were selected. The participants were randomly assigned into resistance training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. Resistance exercise training program was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Cardiovascular and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the intervention. To analyze the measured parameters changes t-test was used at P ≤ 0.05 significance level. Results: After eight weeks, a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (P = 0.002), glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.025) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.022) was observed in the resistance group. In addition, there was a significant difference in blood sugar (P = 0.003) and glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.031) between the two groups. Conclusions: Findings of this study confirmed the positive influence of resistance training to control blood glucose and blood pressure in males with type 2 diabetes.

Prebiotic-supplemented and regular formula were similar to breast milk regarding prophylactic effects for diarrhoea, constipation and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life. Prebiotic-supplemented formula may be an appropriate substitution for breast milk when breast milk in unavailable.

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BackgroundHypothyroidism (HT) and hypoparathyroidism (HPT) are common endocrine complications in thalassemia major (TM) patients.ObjectivesIn the present study, we assessed the frequency of HT and HPT in a population of TM patients in Southeast of Iran.MethodsThis cross sectional study was performed on 194 TM patients in Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, during February - July 2016. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected via interviews and history - taking. For hormone measurements, specific ELISA kits were used. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 16.ResultsA total of 103 (53.1%) and 91 (46.9%) females and males were recruited in this study, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 15 ± 7.5 years. HT and HPT showed overall frequencies of 8.2% (18/194) and 18% (35/194), respectively. Subclinical and overt HT were observed in 13 (6.7%) and 5 (2.6%) patients, respectively. There was no significant association between HT and age, while patients with HPT were significantly older than those without HPT (20.1 ± 5.8 vs. 13.9 ± 6.2 years; P < 0.001). HPT was significantly associated with the mean received blood per transfusion (P = 0.009), total transfused blood per year (P = 0.01), splenomegaly (P < 0.001), splenectomy (P < 0.001), hepatomegaly (P = 0.01), and chelation regimen (P < 0.001). The ferritin level was correlated with neither HT nor HPT. Also, no significant difference was observed between patients with or without HT or HPT regarding the cooccurrence of either diabetes or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In the multivariate analysis, splenectomy remained an independent risk factor for HPT after correction for potential covariates (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1 - 39.2; P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn patients with TM, HT was a complication with a relatively low frequency, while HPT was more common. Based on the findings, HPT was more frequent in older patients receiving regular blood transfusions, thereby necessitating close monitoring of these patients.

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Background: Exercises and L-carnitine supplementation are effective for liver function. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare effect of circuit resistance training and l-carnitine supplementation on body Composition and Liver Function in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 men with NAFLD were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to one of four groups includes: (1) resistance training, (2) supplement, (3) combined (exercise-supplement) and (4) control. Circuit resistance training was performed for 12 weeks, three sessions per week, with a training intensity of 40% -80% maximum one-repetition. In the combined and supplementation group, 10 mg L-carnitine supplement per kg body weight was consumed daily with three main meals. To analyze the data, dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used at P ≤ 0.05.Results: After exercise, there was a significant decrease in body mass index and body fat percentage in the resistance training group and combined (exercise-supplement) group when compared to the control and supplementation groups. There was also a significant decrease in the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the intervention groups including exercise, supplement, and combined (exercise-supplement) groups compared to the control group. The percentage of changes in AST and ALT was significantly higher in the combined group than in the training and supplement groups. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, circuit resistance and complementary L-carnitine training are effective for improving liver function. This improvement was more evident in the combination of training and L-carnitine supplementation, and these shifts are independent of changes in body composition.

Cases of colonic volvulus in children are infrequently described in the literature. Here we describe the case of three patients with colonic volvulus. The first patient was a 10-year-old girl with abdominal dilation and pain and no bowel movement for 48 h. Her abdominal X-ray showed the coffee bean sign adjacent to the diaphragm, which was compatible with a diagnosis of cecal volvulus. The second patient was a 4-year-old boy with a history of chronic constipation during the past year and with no bowel movement for 24 h. Clinical manifestations included severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. His abdominal X-ray demonstrated the coffee bean sign in the right upper quadrant with upward convexity corresponding to a diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus. The third patient was a 10-month-old male who presented with excessive crying, malnutrition, and no bowel movement for 36 h. His abdominal X-ray demonstrated the coffee bean sign in the left upper quadrant with upward convexity. The presence of gas was not observed in the distal obstructed region, corresponding to a diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus. All three patients successfully underwent colonoscopy for volvulus reduction. Volvulus did not reoccur in any of the patients within 6 months of follow-up. It is recommended to perform abdominal X-ray imaging in patients who present with abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, or constipation for possibly diagnosing volvulus.

Background: Circadian rhythm and physical activity are factors that influence the homeostasis of blood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exhaustive exercise in the morning and evening on the blood hemostasis in female athletes. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 30 female athletes aged 18-25 were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (morning and afternoon exercises). The standard Bruce protocol test was used. In the present study, platelets, fibrinogen, and thromboplastin time were measured as indicators of blood coagulation before and after testing. Paired t-test and covariance analysis were used to analyze the measured indices and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: An acute exhausting aerobic training session in both groups significantly increased platelet and fibrinogen levels, but a significant decrease was observed in thromboplastin time. Considering the training time, significant difference was observed in the blood thromboplastin time in the morning in comparison with the afternoon. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the circadian rhythm and acute exhausting aerobic training are effective factors on the blood coagulation and a training session in the morning compared with the evening training has a greater effect on the blood coagulation.