The results confirm human biohazards through rural individual water supplies and reflect the need for public health education regarding the correct use of drinking ground water only after effective treatment through filtration and/or boiling.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe zoonotic disease which affects both human and animals. The disease has a considerable economic and social impact, because it has numerous complications leading to important disabilities and even death. CE is a widespread chronic endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes of tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This study was conducted to diagnosis human CE by hydatid cyst antigens from camels and sheep. Hydatid fluid and protoscoleces crude antigens corresponding to camel and sheep were resolute by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions and the protein bands of different antigens were exposed to infected patients serum CE through western blot (WB) assay. The camel hydatid fluid antigen revealed five polypeptide bands of 18-98.8 kDa by SDS-PAGE while sheep hydatid fluid antigen revealed four polypeptide bands of 20-100 kDa. Immune reactive bands were obtained through WB ranged from 25 to 125 kDa. The study showed prominent immune reactive bands of 92, 52.2 and 35.7 kDa which may helpful in diagnosis of human CE.

No abstract

The potential activity of three varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis (kurstaki, israeliensis, and thuringiensis) against the soft tick Argas persicus and the hard tick Hyalomma dromedarii was investigated. Soft ticks succumbed within a period ranging from 36 h to 5 days and hard ticks died at between 48 h and 10 days posttreatment, depending on the dose. Concentrations lethal to 50% of tick populations (LC50 values) indicated that Dipel 2x (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki) was the most potent, followed by Vectobac (B. thuringiensis var. israeliensis), then HD 703 (B. thuringiensis var. thuringiensis). A. persicus was more affected than H. dromedarii by B: thuringiensis varieties. Eggs were mostly affected at 16 and 25 days after deposition for A. persicus and H. dromedarii, respectively.

A new approach is chosen to visualize ecosystem health by using parasite bioindicators in Arabian Gulf off Dammam cost. Three hundred and sixty fish specimens belonging to three species of fish were examined parasitological for external and internal metazoan parasites. The seasonal prevalence of the detected parasites was differing from season to another. The highest rate occurred in summer and spring while, the lowest rate was in autumn and winter, respectively. The obtained data showed that Monogeneans prevalence showed highly significant positive correlations with Crustaceans, external parasites, Digeneans. Monogeneans and external parasites prevalence showed highly significant positive correlations with Zn and Se. While, external parasites and Digeneans showed significant positive correlations with Se only. On the other hand, Monogeneans there is antagonist action with Cr and Fe and Ni. Crustaceans showed highly significant positive correlations with Zn and Se. On the other hand, Crustaceans showed highly significant negative correlations with Cr, Fe and Ni. While, digeneans showed a significant negative correlation with Cr. On the same manner, external parasites showed highly significant negative correlations with Cr and Fe.