Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from Egyptian Isolates

Elfadaly, Hassan A.; Hassanain, Nawal A.; Shaapan, Raafat M.; Hassanain, Mohey A.; Barakat, Ashraf M.; Abdelrahma, Khaled A.

doi:10.3923/aje.2017.37.44

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The overall viable T. gondii isolation rate of 38.5% in the current study shows a lower percentage compared to the report of (Berhanu, 2015) who reported 67.6%. However, this study indicates a higher percentage value than the report of (Elfadaly et al, 2017) (Opsteegh et al, 2011) 62.8% from the USA. The differences between these reports may be due to the density of T. gondii in tissues of sheep and goats, the type of tissue sampled and the strain or genotype of T. gondii.…”

Section: Bioassay In Micecontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…This study in cattle on the isolation rate of viable T. gondii (21.43%) via bioassay in mice is comparable with the report of Opsteegh et al (2016) who demonstrated 3.3% of viable T. gondii from selected European countries. However, the nding of the current study is higher than the reported isolation rate of 0% from Ethiopia in cattle (Berhanu, 2015), 0% from Egypt in cow (Elfadaly et al, 2017) through bioassay in mice and lower than the reported isolation rate of 100% (18/18) in experimentally infected cattle con rmed via bioassay in mice (Deksne & Kirjušina, 2013). The differences between this report and aforesaid reports may be due to the density of T. gondii in tissues of cattle, the type of tissue sampled, the digestion method used and the strain or genotype of T. gondii (Dubey, 2010).…”

Section: Bioassay In Micecontrasting

confidence: 77%

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered domestic ruminants in Northwest Ethiopia: seropositivity, bioassay and virulence assessment

Alemayehu

Damtie

Kenubih

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study investigated the seropositivity, isolation and virulence of Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered domestic ruminants in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Three hundred thirty-five blood samples (135 sheep, 50 goats and 150 cattle) were collected from slaughterhouses. Antibodies against T. gondii were assayed using a commercial Toxo-Latex agglutination test. Tissue digestion was also conducted on 39 heart muscles of seropositive animals using the pepsin enzyme. The isolation of viable T. gondii from seropositive ruminants was also performed in white albino mice. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was found to be 55.8%. The species-wise prevalence of T. gondii seropositivity in cattle, goats and sheep was 59.3%, 58%, and 51.1%, respectively. From observed risk factors, sex (p < 0.033) and age of the sheep (p < 0.006) showed a significant association with T. gondii seropositivity. Similarly, in cattle, age (p < 0.005) and breed (p < 0.012) showed a statistically significant association with seropositivity of anti-T. gondii antibodies. In bioassayed mice, the overall viable T. gondii isolates were 38.5% and most of these isolates (87.18%) were avirulent. In conclusion, the high prevalence of T. gondii antibody and a high proportion of viable T. gondii observed in this study indicated the prevalent nature of the parasite and its zoonotic importance in the study areas where slaughtered domestic ruminants serve as an important human protein source. Education of the public about routes of T. gondii transmission and control methods is imperative to prevent T. gondii transmission.

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Section: Bioassay In Micecontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Bioassay In Micecontrasting

confidence: 77%

Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered domestic ruminants in Northwest Ethiopia: seropositivity, bioassay and virulence assessment

Alemayehu

Damtie

Kenubih

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The strain used in the present study to induce chronic toxoplasmosis was the Tehran strain of T. gondii (type II) which kindly gained from Prof. Hossein Keshavarz (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran). The parasite was prepared by intraperitoneal inoculation of tissue cysts of T. gondii (15-20 cysts) from brain tissue of infected BALB/c mice every 3 months into new mice based on the technique explained by Elfadaly et al [19]. The mice model of latent toxoplasmosis was established according to the process reported by Mahmoudvand et al [20].…”

Section: Inducement Of Chronic Toxoplasmosis In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

The High Potency of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles to Prevent the Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice

et al. 2021

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Purpose Nowadays, due to the lack of an effective vaccine to prevent the toxoplasmosis, chemotherapy with the combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine is considered as the "gold standard" treatment for toxoplasmosis. Recent reports have exhibited that these synthesized chemical drugs are associated with some serious side effects. The present study aims to evaluate the prophylactic effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) green synthesized by Capparis spinosa fruit methanolic extract alone and combined with atovaquone against chronic toxoplasmosis induced by the Tehran strain of Toxoplasma gondii in mice Methods Mice were then orally administrated with CuNPs at the doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg/day and in combined with atovaquone 50 mg/kg for 14 days. Male BALB/c mice were divided into two seven groups include C1 (non-treated noninfected); C2 (treated with normal saline); C3 (Infected mice treated with atovaquone 100 mg/kg/day); Ex1 (treated with CuNPs 2 mg/kg/day); Ex2 (treated with CuNPs 4 mg/kg/day); Ex3 (treated with CuNPs 2 mg/kg/day + atovaquone 50 mg/ kg/day); Ex3 (treated with CuNPs 4 mg/kg/day + atovaquone 50 mg/kg/day). On the 15th day, the mice were infected with the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from the Tehran strain of T. gondii. The mean numbers of brain tissue cysts and the mRNA levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mice of each tested group were measured. Results CuNPs were green synthesized by C. spinosa methanolic extract. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particle size of CuNPs was 17 and 41 nm with maximum peak at the wavelength of 414 nm. The mean number of T. gondii tissue cysts in mice of tested groups of Ex1, Ex2, Ex3, and Ex4, significantly decreased as a dose-dependent response compared with control group. Moreover, in similar to the control group C3, no T. gondii tissue cysts was observed in mice of experimental group Ex3 and Ex4. The mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and iNO was measured in mice of all tested groups. The mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and iNO was increased in all mice of experimental groups in comparison with the control group C2; however, a significant enhancement was detected in mRNA level of IFN-γ, IL-12, and iNO in the tested groups of Ex3 and Ex4 when compared with control group C3. ConclusionThe obtained results revealed the high potency of CuNPs alone and combined with atovaquone to prevent toxoplasmosis in mice. Although, the prophylactic effects of CuNPs and other properties, such as improved cellular immunity and low toxicity, are positive topics; however, more studies are required to approve these findings especially in clinical settings.

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“…Since one of the most important mechanisms of control of toxoplasmosis is the immune system, mainly cellular immunity, we evaluated the mRNA levels of some innate immunity mediators such as IFN-γ and IL12 by quantitative real time PCR [ 33 ]. The results demonstrated that although the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were elevated in all mice of experimental groups, a significant increase was observed in mice treated by MCEO at the doses of Ex2 and Ex3 of MCEO when compared with control groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myrtus communis Essential Oil; Anti-Parasitic Effects and Induction of the Innate Immune System in Mice with Toxoplasma gondii Infection

et al. 2021

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Background: Myrtus communis (M. communis) is a wild aromatic plant used for traditional herbal medicine that can be demonstrated in insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of its essential oils (MCEO). Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effects of M. communis essential oil (MCEO) against chronic toxoplasmosis induced by the Tehran strain of Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition of MCEO. Mice were then orally administrated with MCEO at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg/day and also atovaquone 100 mg/kg for 21 days. On the 15th day, the mice were infected with the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20–25 tissue cysts from the Tehran strain of T. gondii. The mean numbers of brain tissue cysts and the mRNA levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in mice of each tested group were measured. Results: By GC/MS, the major constituents were α-pinene (24.7%), 1,8-cineole (19.6%), and linalool (12.6%), respectively. The results demonstrated that the mean number of T. gondii tissue cysts in experimental groups Ex1 (p < 0.05), Ex2 (p < 0.001) and Ex3 (p < 0.001) was meaningfully reduced in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group (C2). The mean diameter of tissue cyst was significantly reduced in mice of the experimental groups Ex2 (p < 0.01) and Ex3 (p < 0.001). The results demonstrated that although the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were elevated in all mice of experimental groups, a significant increase (p < 0.001) was observed in tested groups of Ex2 and Ex3 when compared with control groups. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated the potent prophylactic effects of MCEO especially in the doses 200 and 300 mg/kg in mice infected with T. gondii. Although the exceptional anti-Toxoplasma effects of MCEO and other possessions, such as improved innate immunity and low toxicity are positive topics, there is, however, a need for more proof from investigations in this field.

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Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from Egyptian Isolates

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered domestic ruminants in Northwest Ethiopia: seropositivity, bioassay and virulence assessment

Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered domestic ruminants in Northwest Ethiopia: seropositivity, bioassay and virulence assessment

The High Potency of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles to Prevent the Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice

Myrtus communis Essential Oil; Anti-Parasitic Effects and Induction of the Innate Immune System in Mice with Toxoplasma gondii Infection

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