2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.07.025
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Evaluation of primitive ground water supplies as a risk factor for the development of major waterborne zoonosis in Egyptian children living in rural areas

Abstract: The results confirm human biohazards through rural individual water supplies and reflect the need for public health education regarding the correct use of drinking ground water only after effective treatment through filtration and/or boiling.

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Cited by 35 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…In Tumaco’s DWRPs, the groundwater wells could be contaminated because they are directly exposed to the environment and the passage of domestic and wild animals, and they are inadequately maintained. The sizes of both Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts could also allow them to leach into the groundwater, which has previously been reported as a threat to groundwater [ 50 , 51 ]. In the treatment plants that take water from rivers, the sources of contamination could be the various activities frequently performed in the rivers, including recreation, personal hygiene and laundry, and the general residual wastes of domestic origin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Tumaco’s DWRPs, the groundwater wells could be contaminated because they are directly exposed to the environment and the passage of domestic and wild animals, and they are inadequately maintained. The sizes of both Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts could also allow them to leach into the groundwater, which has previously been reported as a threat to groundwater [ 50 , 51 ]. In the treatment plants that take water from rivers, the sources of contamination could be the various activities frequently performed in the rivers, including recreation, personal hygiene and laundry, and the general residual wastes of domestic origin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another possibility of acquiring infection is drinking water contaminated with T. gondii oocysts. Sporulated oocysts have been detected in ground water supplies [ 27 ], and several waterborne outbreaks of toxoplasmosis have been recorded throughout the world [ 28 ]. Recently, oocysts were detected in air samples, thus revealing air as a new transmission route of the infection [ 29 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…C. jejuni contamination of drinking water municipal plants in three locations at Giza governorate, Egypt were proved and the organisms were isolated from diarrheic patients at the surveyed locations assuredly due to drinking water from these plants [30]. However C. jejuni isolates were also detected in ground water samples and stool specimens from the inhabitants of the villages in Giza, Egypt [31].…”
Section: Reservoirs and Transmission Methodsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…The risk of Campylobacter diarrhea decreases in presence of barriers to keep birds and animals out of the eating area, absence of garbage and feces on the floor of bathing facilities, stressing on mass-media public health awareness programs for changing hygiene-promoting behaviors and practices, strengthening on recent diagnostic facilities, setting up national surveillance programs as well as providing incentives from funding organizations for collaborations in Campylobacter research as other emerging disease in developing countries [42,43]. Public health awareness regarding the correct use of municipal and ground water for drinking or cooking only after treatment by filtration and/or boiling is important [31].…”
Section: Control and Prevention Interventionsmentioning
confidence: 99%