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Over the past few decades, the electric power industry evolved in response to growing concerns about climate change and the rising price of fossil fuels. The usage of renewable energy sources (RES) rose as a remedy for these problems. The increased penetration of RES in the existing generation system increased the need for an intelligent energy management system (EMS) so that the system can operate in any possible circumstances. Many sectors of society, including the education sector, are working to realize the importance of this sustainable energy system. This paper reviews the process of selecting an efficient control technique for continuous power flow from different RES to meet the load demand requirement using an enhanced model predictive control (MPC)-based EMS framework. This EMS is a software platform to provide fundamental support services and applications to deliver the functionality needed for the effective operation of electrical generation and transmission facilities to ensure adequate security of energy supply at minimum cost. The centralized EMS with technical objectives focusing on power quality and seamless power flow can be achieved through dynamically enhanced MPC.

Renewable energy has become an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels in electric power generation systems to alleviate environmental problems in the future. Alongside the shift to renewable energy, microgrid technology has also evolved to integrate renewable energy into the power generation and distribution system. In addition, the issue of voltage stability is also a vital factor in sustaining microgrids with renewable energy integration to ensure system stability. Reports in earlier studies have included three voltage control methods such as Model Predictive Control (MPC), PI controller, and negative feed-forward voltage control, implemented to ensure voltage stability of hybrid renewable energy microgrids. However, very a few research reports apply voltage control in hybrid biomass (BM)-solar photovoltaic (PV)-wind microgrid, choosing only to focus on energy management, economic analysis, and best sizing. For this reason, this main objective of this paper is integration of hybrid Biomass-Solar Photovoltaic-Wind off-grid microgrid comprising a PI controller as the voltage control of the system based on an actual input database at a location in a small rural town named Mersing in Malaysia. Additionally, this paper also intends to illustrate the implemented efforts to support the voltage stability of the system for the Mersing case study. A PI controller with harmonic filter voltage controller is implemented in this study to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) percentage. The average power output for solar, wind, and biomass energy sources were 60kW, 20kW, and 750kW, respectively. Concurrently the measured THD voltage and current at each renewable energy and distribution line show a percentage below 10%. It is thus shown that a hybrid BM-Solar PV-wind microgrid is stable, especially for distribution lines, according to harmonic standards in the electricity supply application book by the local electricity provider Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). Indeed, a PI controller with a harmonic filter has proven as an effective method for controlling the voltage instability in this study.

As the population grows, people will consume more natural resources. This issue will lead to a low petrol supply for all land transportation, especially supplies for car consumption. Therefore, the electric vehicle (EV) has been introduced to overcome this issue. Currently, wired charging of EVs has been implemented in most of the developed country, including Malaysia. However, some drawbacks have been found from this technology. Therefore, wireless charging comes into the picture to solve this issue. Charging pad on the road and at the car are required for both wired and wireless charging. Various designs of charging pad are available. However, this paper will only focus on the circular design. There is many software that can be used to design the coil pad. Each software has a different procedure and steps to design the coil pad. In this paper, JMAG Designer software will be used to design the circular coil pad. Then, three coil pair were simulated using JMAG Designer to investigate the magnetic flux density between primary and secondary coil when varying the misalignment of 0 cm, 4 cm and 8 cm. From the simulation, there is no specific trend in the relationship between magnetic flux density and misalignment.

The distribution system has the most portion power loss compared to the transmission and generation systems. One of the effective methods to reduce the power loss in the system is by reconfiguring the existing network. In distribution system, there are two types of switches, which are sectionalizing switches and tie-switches. Reconfiguration process changes the status of those switches until the objective is achieved. In this study, the reconfiguration method is proposed for distribution system using the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) method. The system used is a standard IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. The main objective is to reduce the power loss in the system while satisfying the distribution constraints. The proposed method is used to give an optimal configuration of distribution network for power loss reduction and its validity is done by comparing it with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

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In power system electricity delivery, the distribution system has the most electricity loss as the system has the highest R/X ratio and has a radial network at one time. Optimal reconfiguration of the distribution network is needed in order to reduce power losses. However, as it is also involved with multiple objectives and constraint problems such as switching frequency, voltage, and current limits, it is difficult to find the optimal solution. Hence, this paper proposes the Multi-objective Cuckoo Search (MOCS) algorithm to find the optimal reconfiguration of distribution networks by considering minimizing power losses and switch operations. Based on the simulation results on the IEEE-33 bus system, the performance of the MOCS-based scheme has been found to be significantly better than the single-objective algorithm thereby reducing approximately 33% of the power losses. ABSTRAK Melalui sistem penghantaran jana kuasa elektrik, sistem pengagihan mempunyai pembaziran tenaga elektrik terbesar kerana sistem ini mempunyai nisbah R/X paling tinggi dan mempunyai satu rangkaian radial pada tiap-tiap satu masa. Konfigurasi semula rangkaian pengedaran yang optimum diperlukan bagi mengurangkan pembaziran tenaga. Walaubagaimanapun, oleh kerana ia melibatkan objektif dan kekangan masalah yang pelbagai seperti kadar peralihan, had voltan serta arus, adalah sukar bagi mendapatkan bacaan yang optimum. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan Carian Cuckoo Pelbagai Objektif (MOCS) bagi mencari konfigurasi semula yang optimum bagi sistem pengagihan tenaga dengan mengambil kira pengurangan pembaziran tenaga dan kadar peralihan. Berdasarkan keputusan simulasi pada sistem bas IEEE-33, pretasi MOCS telah menunjukkan peningkatan yang ketara berbanding algoritma objektif tunggal dan pengurangan sebanyak 33% tenaga.

The emerging of inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) technology provides more opportunities for the electric vehicle (EV) battery to have a better recharging process. With the development of IWPT technology, various way of wireless charging of the EV battery is proposed in order to find the best solution. To further understand the fundamentals of the IWPT system itself, an ample review is done. There are different ways of EV charging which are static charging (wired), static wireless charging (SWC) and dynamic wireless charging (DWC). The review starts with a brief comparison of static charging, SWC and DWC. Then, in detailed discussion on the fundamental concepts, related laws and equations that govern the IWPT principle are also included. In this review, the focus is more on the DWC with a little discussion on static charging and SWC to ensure in-depth understanding before one can do further research about the EV charging process. The in-depth perception regarding the development of DWC is elaborated together with the system architecture of the IWPT and DWC system and the different track versions of DWC, which is installable to the road lane.