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Silver is a poisonous but precious heavy metal that has widespread application in various biomedical and environmental divisions. Wide-ranging usage of the metal has twisted severe environmental apprehensions. Henceforth there is a cumulative call for the progress of modest, low-cost and, the ecological method for remediation of silver. In the present study, Bacillus cereus was isolated from contaminated soil. Various experimental factors like the amount of AgNO3, inoculum size, temperature, time, and pH were improved by using central composite design (CCD) grounded on response surface methodology (RSM). Optimized values for AgNO3 (1 mM) 10 ml, inoculum size (Bacillus cereus) 8.7 ml, temperature 48.5 °C, time 69 h, and pH 9 showed in the form of optimized ramps. The formed nanoparticles stayed characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry, particle size analyzer, and X-ray diffraction. The particle size ranges from 5 to 7.06 nm with spherical form. The antimicrobial effectiveness of synthesized nanoparticles was tested contrary to five multidrug resistant microbial strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Porteus mirabilis by disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum lethal concentrations were detected by the broth macro dilution method. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) was used to check the free radical scavenging ability of biogenic silver nanoparticles. Similarly, anti-radical activity was checked by 2,2′-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS) with varying time intervals. Catalytic potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was also investigated.

Cellulose acetate (CA) is well known glassy polymer used in the fabrication of gas-separation membranes. In this study, 5,11,17,23-tetrakis(N-morpholinomethyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene (CL) was blended with CA to study the gaspermeation behavior for CO 2 , N 2 , and CH 4 gases. We prepared the pure CA and CA/CL blended membranes by following a diffusion-induced phase-separation method. Three different concentrations of CL (3, 10, and 30 wt %) were selected for membrane preparation. The CA/CL blended membranes were then characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction analysis. The homogeneous blending of CL and CA was confirmed in the CA/CL blended membranes by both SEM and AFM analysis. In addition to this, the surface roughness of the CA/CL blended membranes also increased with increasing CL concentration. FTIR analysis described the structural modification in the CA polymer after it was blended with CL too. Furthermore, CL improved the tensile strength of the CA membrane appreciably from 0.160 to 1.28 MPa, but this trend was not linear with the increase in the CL concentration. CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 gases were used for gas-permeation experiments at 4 bars. With the permeation experiments, we concluded that permeability of N 2 was higher in comparison to those of CO 2 and CH 4 through the CA/CL blended membranes. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39985.

Interleukin 6 (IL-6), being a major component of homeostasis, immunomodulation, and hematopoiesis, manifests multiple pathological conditions when upregulated in response to viral, microbial, carcinogenic, or autoimmune stimuli. High fidelity immunosensors offer real-time monitoring of IL-6 and facilitate early prognosis of life-threatening diseases. Different approaches to augment robustness and enhance overall performance of biosensors have been demonstrated over the past few years. Electrochemical- and fluorescence-based detection methods with integrated electronics have been subjects of intensive research due to their ability to offer a better signal-to-noise ratio, high specificity, ultra-sensitivity, and wide dynamic range. In this review, the pleiotropic role of IL-6 and its clinical significance is discussed in detail, followed by detection schemes devised so far for their quantitative analysis. A critical review on underlying signal amplification strategies and performance of electrochemical and optical biosensors is presented. In conclusion, we discuss the reliability and feasibility of the proposed detection technologies for commercial applications.