The objective of our study was to evaluate surgical outcome of minimally invasive vaginal hysterectomy (MIVH), using the bipolar vessel sealing system (BVSS; BiClamp®). The design was a retrospective analysis (Canadian Task-force Classification II-3). The setting was a secondary care hospital. Records of patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy for benign indications in our centre between November 2005 and March 2011 were reviewed. The demographic patients' data, indications for surgery, patient history with regard to previous surgery, duration of surgery, blood loss (postoperative hemoglobin drop '∆Hb'), perioperative complications, and length of inpatient stay were collected from the medical records. The intervention was vaginal hysterectomy using BVSS (BiClamp®). Results showed that the mean duration of surgery was 48.9 ± 15.3 min (95% CI, 49.2-52.5). The mean duration of hospital stay was 3.2 ± 1.2 days (95% CI, 2.8-3.2). The mean ∆Hb was 1.4 ± 1.8 g/dl. Overall, conversion to laparotomy was required in three cases (0.6%). Only one haemoperitoneum occurred (0.2%) and this is the only case who required blood transfusion. The main indication for VH was uterine prolapse in 52.0% (n = 260) of cases; uterine fibroids in 37.4% (n = 187); adenomyosis uteri in 4.2% (n = 21); cervical dysplasia in 22 patients (4.4%) and in 2% (n = 10) of patients, endometrial hyperplasia and other pathologies were the indications for VH. It was concluded that electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing by (BiClamp®) can provide a safe and feasible alternative to sutures in vaginal hysterectomy, resulting in reduced operative time and blood loss, with acceptable surgical outcomes.

Aims: Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is increasing gradually towards those antibiotics that are frequently used leading to limited therapeutic options due to multidrug resistance. The objectives of the study were to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of S. pseudintermedius isolates from pet and stray dogs and cats in Selangor, Malaysia and to detect the resistance genes (mecA and BlaZ) within the isolates. Methodology and results: A total of 200 stray and pet dogs and cats were sampled. The samples were cultured onto Mannitol Salt agar and all the presumptive colonies were subcultured, then identified using biochemical tests and confirmed by PCR assay targeting the nuc gene. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test against 12 antibiotics. Twenty three isolates (11.5%) were positive to S. pseudintermedius (stray cats, 11/50; stray dogs, 9/50; pet dogs, 3/50 and pet cats, 0/50). One hundred percent (100%) of the S. pseudintermedius isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline while they showed 100% susceptible to oxacillin, amoxicillinclavulanic acid, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, cephalexin and rifampicin. The blaZ gene which codes for β-lactamases production was found in all of the isolates that were resistant to penicillin but not to methicillin. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: A high number of S. pseudintermedius from dogs and cats developed antibiotic resistance which is a public health concern.

Aim:To investigate immunohistochemically the effect of chemopreventive capsaicin in epithelial alteration (Epithelial dysplasia) & carcinogenesis which induced in hamsters. Methods: Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase staining techniques was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 in three groups (G1, G2 and G3). Evaluation of immunostaining was done using computer image analyzer system & statistical analysis. Results: showed that there was a statistically highly significant difference (P<0.01) in means values of all groups (G2>G1, G3) (G3>G1). Conclusion:Capsaicin play an important role in reduction and prevention of transformation of epithelial dysplasia into malignant tumor especially oral squamous cell carcinoma. The liquid form of capsaicin may be considered as a new line of treatment in oral dysplasia or even in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the Bcl-2 expression evidenced this reduction of abnormality in epithelial dysplasia.

This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi and their risk factors in some selected Camel Dairy farms in Benadir, Somalia. The study was conducted from July, 2018 to February, 2019. Simple random sampling was used and the studied animals were selected based on the population of Camel in each farm in the study area. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from six farms that comprised of Goorsan (36), Cagarey (31), Alkhalil (25), Albaraka (60), Mandeq (26) and Sahan (22). Blood serum was harvested and detection of antibodies against T. evansi was carried out using Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT). Of the 200 serum samples analyzed, 129 (64%) samples were positive for T. evansi. Farm level seroprevalence showed that Cagarey farm, had the highest seroprevalence [25 (80%)] followed by Goorsan 27(75%), Mandeq 16 (61%), Albaraka 36(60%), Sahan 12(55%) and Alkhalil 13 (52%) respectively. Risk factor analysis showed that there was a statistical significant difference between age, sex, body condition, farms type and the seroprevalence of T. evansi (P<0.05). Higher seroprevalence of T. evansi was recorded in camels >3 years of age (67%) compared to camels between 1-2 years old (54%). Seroprevalence of T. evansi was relatively high in females (66%) than males (44%). Camels with good and or normal body condition had a seroprevalence of 121 (65%) than those with poor body conditions 8 (50%). The results of this study affirmed the occurrence of T. evansi among camels in Benadir region of Somali.

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The ability of Arcobacter to grow at lower temperatures (15-25 °C) and being aerotolerant makes it different from Campylobacter and other related taxa although they are phenotypically and morphologically similar (1). The prevalence of Arcobacter in humans and animals can be determined more accurately with more sensitive techniques for their isolation and identification. Arcobacter species. particularly A. butzleri, A. skirrowii, and A. cryaerophilus, have been known to be of veterinary importance and can be isolated from farm animals, wild animals, and animal products (2-4). Today they are gaining attention as emerging foodborne organisms (5). In addition, Arcobacter can be transmitted to humans through close contact with pets (6). Arcobacter butzleri is reported as one of the species isolated and found in 'traveler's disease' , a common disease that can affect those visiting developing countries and usually caused by consumption of contaminated food. It was reported that Arcobacter was isolated from major restaurants in Bangkok, Thailand, in 13% of samples and it was detected in 8% of diarrhea cases in Mexico, Guatemala, and India (7,8). The prevalence of Arcobacter infections in domestic animals varies in different parts of the world and various studies have shown that the highest prevalence is found in chicken meat, followed by pork and beef (9). Regarding geographical distribution, the prevalence ranged from 77.8% in Italy to 22.1% in Nigeria, 2.4% in Thailand, 12.9% in South Africa, and 1.2% in France (9-14). In Malaysia, Arcobacter was isolated from beef and milk at rates of 26.3% and 7.6%, respectively (2). Water has also been reported as a good medium for Arcobacter transmission and Arcobacter may be considered as a potential waterborne pathogen (15,16). Apart from food animals, dogs and cats have also been shown to be carriers of this emerging pathogen across the globe (9,17-20). In Malaysia, there is a lack of published studies on the presence of Arcobacter in pet animals. Arcobacter infection in animals may result commonly in mastitis, abortion, and diarrhea that is more persistent and watery than in Campylobacter jejuni infections; other clinical signs include nausea, fever, and abdominal pain (21,22).

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an emerging coagulase gram-positive staphylococci in dogs and cats. It has now become a threat to animal health due to its multidrug resistance leading to very limited therapeutic options particularly in the treatment of small animals and therefore, requires urgent action to control its spread. The organism is currently recognised as a significant pathogen in veterinary medicine causing skin, ear and wound infections in dogs and cats. So far, there is limited coverage in relation to research studies concerning on S. pseudintermedius in dogs and cats in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the presence of S. pseudintermedius in dogs and cats as well as to evaluate the best site for isolation of the organism. A total of two hundred dogs (n = 100) and cats (n = 100) were randomly sampled. Swab samples were taken from the nasal cavity, buccal cavity, rectum and perineal skin aseptically from both pet and stray dogs and cats. The samples were cultured and isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed using a species-specific PCR assay. Our results revealed that the proportion of detection of S. pseudintermedius was higher in stray dogs and cats than pet animals. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was detected in 6.5% (13/200) stray dogs, 6% (12/200) stray cats, 1.5% (3/200) pet dogs and 0% in pet cats. Our findings also demonstrated that nasal cavity was the ideal site for isolation of the organism (5.5%), followed by buccal cavity (3.5%), skin (2.5%) and rectum (2.5%), but statistically, the difference was not significant (p = 0.174). In conclusion, this study provided an empirical evidence in relation to the detection of S. pseudintermedius in stray and pet dogs and cats in Selangor, Malaysia. Future research is urgently needed to better understand the epidemiology of S. pseudintermedius in field settings.