Antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs and cats

Abstract

Aims: Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is increasing gradually towards those antibiotics that are frequently used leading to limited therapeutic options due to multidrug resistance. The objectives of the study were to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of S. pseudintermedius isolates from pet and stray dogs and cats in Selangor, Malaysia and to detect the resistance genes (mecA and BlaZ) within the isolates. Methodology and results: A total of 200 stray and pet dogs and cats were sampled. The samples were cultured onto Mannitol Salt agar and all the presumptive colonies were subcultured, then identified using biochemical tests and confirmed by PCR assay targeting the nuc gene. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test against 12 antibiotics. Twenty three isolates (11.5%) were positive to S. pseudintermedius (stray cats, 11/50; stray dogs, 9/50; pet dogs, 3/50 and pet cats, 0/50). One hundred percent (100%) of the S. pseudintermedius isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline while they showed 100% susceptible to oxacillin, amoxicillinclavulanic acid, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, cephalexin and rifampicin. The blaZ gene which codes for β-lactamases production was found in all of the isolates that were resistant to penicillin but not to methicillin. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: A high number of S. pseudintermedius from dogs and cats developed antibiotic resistance which is a public health concern.

Prevalence and multidrug-resistant profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs, cats, and pet owners in Malaysia

“…Similar findings were reported by previous studies in which 4.3% and 2.8% of pet owners and dogs with pyoderma were MRSP positive [31,32]. In contrast, a higher prevalence of S. pseudintermedius was reported by Mohamed et al [7] and Worthing et al [33], which was 11.5% (23/200) of dogs and cats in Malaysia and 8.0% (4/53) of personnel-owned dogs in Australia, respectively. Moreover, Beck et al [29] reported that MRSP prevalence in dogs was as high as 26.7% in dogs recovered from pyoderma in the dermatological ward in the dermatological ward.…”

“…Animals that had not received antimicrobial agents for at least 14 days before sampling and had no visible signs of pyoderma, sneezing, and nasal discharge were included in this study, with the exception of stray cats and dogs as there was no history of antimicrobial intake. In contrast to the previous studies in Malaysia that focused on ill pets, this study included only apparently healthy animals to investigate the presence of MRSA and MRSP in the animals, if any, and to explore the role of healthy animals as reservoirs of resistant staphylococci in Malaysia [6,7]. The collected nasal and oral swabs were placed in Brain Heart Infusion broth (Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) supplemented with 6.5% sodium chloride for 24 h incubation at 35°C.…”

“…After the incubation, a loopful of the suspension was transferred onto oxacillin (OXN) resistance screening agar base (ORSAB, Oxoid) and incubated at 35°C for 24 h; the blue and white-pale blue colonies formed were presumptively identified as MRSA and MRSP, respectively [12]. Coagulase test, catalase test, DNase test, and Gram staining were used to differentiate coagulase-positive staphylococci from others [6,7].…”

“…Both S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius may become resistant to a number of different antimicrobials [5]. In the previous studies conducted in Malaysia, drug-resistant S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius were isolated from dogs and cats, which were found to be resistant to tetracycline (TE), erythromycin (E), penicillin (P), gentamicin (GEN), and doxycycline (DOXY); in addition, multidrug-resistant MRSA isolates that were intermediately resistant to vancomycin were isolated from humans [6,7]. Considering S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius will continue to evolve to become stronger and more resistant to various antimicrobials, monitoring the evolution of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius epidemiology has hence become crucial.…”

“…Considering S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius will continue to evolve to become stronger and more resistant to various antimicrobials, monitoring the evolution of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius epidemiology has hence become crucial. Regarding this, molecular typing techniques are essential tools for identifying and tracking the clones and lineages of the predominant MRSA and MRSP strains [5][6][7].…”