The ability of Arcobacter to grow at lower temperatures (15-25 °C) and being aerotolerant makes it different from Campylobacter and other related taxa although they are phenotypically and morphologically similar (1). The prevalence of Arcobacter in humans and animals can be determined more accurately with more sensitive techniques for their isolation and identification. Arcobacter species. particularly A. butzleri, A. skirrowii, and A. cryaerophilus, have been known to be of veterinary importance and can be isolated from farm animals, wild animals, and animal products (2-4). Today they are gaining attention as emerging foodborne organisms (5). In addition, Arcobacter can be transmitted to humans through close contact with pets (6). Arcobacter butzleri is reported as one of the species isolated and found in 'traveler's disease' , a common disease that can affect those visiting developing countries and usually caused by consumption of contaminated food. It was reported that Arcobacter was isolated from major restaurants in Bangkok, Thailand, in 13% of samples and it was detected in 8% of diarrhea cases in Mexico, Guatemala, and India (7,8). The prevalence of Arcobacter infections in domestic animals varies in different parts of the world and various studies have shown that the highest prevalence is found in chicken meat, followed by pork and beef (9). Regarding geographical distribution, the prevalence ranged from 77.8% in Italy to 22.1% in Nigeria, 2.4% in Thailand, 12.9% in South Africa, and 1.2% in France (9-14). In Malaysia, Arcobacter was isolated from beef and milk at rates of 26.3% and 7.6%, respectively (2). Water has also been reported as a good medium for Arcobacter transmission and Arcobacter may be considered as a potential waterborne pathogen (15,16). Apart from food animals, dogs and cats have also been shown to be carriers of this emerging pathogen across the globe (9,17-20). In Malaysia, there is a lack of published studies on the presence of Arcobacter in pet animals. Arcobacter infection in animals may result commonly in mastitis, abortion, and diarrhea that is more persistent and watery than in Campylobacter jejuni infections; other clinical signs include nausea, fever, and abdominal pain (21,22).
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