Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in Dromedary Camels from selected Dairy farms in Benadir, Somalia

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi and their risk factors in some selected Camel Dairy farms in Benadir, Somalia. The study was conducted from July, 2018 to February, 2019. Simple random sampling was used and the studied animals were selected based on the population of Camel in each farm in the study area. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from six farms that comprised of Goorsan (36), Cagarey (31), Alkhalil (25), Albaraka (60), Mandeq (26) and Sahan (22). Blood serum was harvested and detection of antibodies against T. evansi was carried out using Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT). Of the 200 serum samples analyzed, 129 (64%) samples were positive for T. evansi. Farm level seroprevalence showed that Cagarey farm, had the highest seroprevalence [25 (80%)] followed by Goorsan 27(75%), Mandeq 16 (61%), Albaraka 36(60%), Sahan 12(55%) and Alkhalil 13 (52%) respectively. Risk factor analysis showed that there was a statistical significant difference between age, sex, body condition, farms type and the seroprevalence of T. evansi (P<0.05). Higher seroprevalence of T. evansi was recorded in camels >3 years of age (67%) compared to camels between 1-2 years old (54%). Seroprevalence of T. evansi was relatively high in females (66%) than males (44%). Camels with good and or normal body condition had a seroprevalence of 121 (65%) than those with poor body conditions 8 (50%). The results of this study affirmed the occurrence of T. evansi among camels in Benadir region of Somali.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra, in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population in Southeastern Algeria

“…Indeed, 73.2% of herds (60 of 82 tested herds) had at least one seropositive animal. Our overall herd seroprevalence is comparable to the 80% herd T. evansi seroprevalence reported recently in Somalia (Mohamed et al 2020 ).…”

Camel Trypanosomosis in Yabelo and Gomole Districts in Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Based on Parasitological Examinations

“…This may be due to trypanosomosis results in progressive emaciation of infected camel,; however, non-infected camel under good condition have well-developed immune status that can respond to any foreign protein better than those of non-infected camel with poor body condition. 11,40 This finding is in line with previous results, 38,41 which stated that the occurrence of camel trypanosomosis was associated with the body condition of the camel. The season was another risk factor that has shown significantly associated with the occurrence of trypanosomosis in the camel.…”

Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels using CATT/T. evansi technique in Borno and Yobe states, Nigeria

“…This high seroprevalence could be due to vector density, and lack of knowledge of the seriousness and economic impact of the infection by camel owners. In a recent study conducted in six farms in Somalia, Mohamed et al (2020) reported a higher seroprevalence (65%, CI = 57.65%, 70.80%) of T. evansi infection. The present study has a similar sample population with the Somalian survey, but the discrepancies observed in the percentages of seroprevalence could be ascribed mainly to camel density in Somalia.…”

“…The role of carrier animals can be highlighted by the fact that severe disease occurs in horses and camels ( Aregawi et al, 2019 ). Camels contribute substantially to the incomes of numerous countries in Africa ( Mohamed et al, 2020 ). However, the economic impact of this parasite is often underestimated and these include morbidity of up to 30%, mortality of about 3%, and abortion ( Abera et al, 2015 ), reduced work resistance, poor carcass performance, weight loss, reduced milk production, low reproductive efficiency, treatment costs, abortion and then death ( Aregawi et al, 2019 ; Elhaig and Sallam, 2018 ).…”

“…In Africa, T. evansi is present in all countries where camels are reared. Three districts in Kenya had a total seroprevalence of 45.9% ( Njiru et al, 2004 ), the prevalence in South of Algeria ( Boushaki et al, 2019 ), Somaliland ( Salah et al, 2019 ), Benadir, Somalia ( Mohamed et al, 2020 ) and Egypt ( Abdel-Rady, 2008 ) was estimated at 32.4%, 26.4%, 65% and 43.5%, respectively in camels. Furthermore, 36 dromedary camels tested in the Canary Islands out of 745 were positive for T. evansi ( Gutierrez et al, 2000 ).…”