Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes various infections such as skin infections. Mangosteen leaves contains active compounds that are useful in inhibiting bacterial growth. The purpose of this research is to examine the antibacterial activity of mangosteen leaves ethanol extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn) on the growth of Ps. aeruginosa bacteria. The experiment was conducted by an experimental method of Ps. aeruginosa bacteria using the Kirby-Bauer method. The concentration of ethanol extract from mangosteen leaves studied is 10% to 100% concentration with a bacterial density of 0.5 Mc Farland. The results showed that the ethanol extract of mangosteen leaves could inhibit bacteria from a concentration of 10% with an average inhibitory diameter is 13.20 mm, 20% is 14.00 mm, 30% is 14.65 mm, 40% is 15.85 mm, 50% is 16.05 mm, 60% is 16.90 mm, 70% is 17.55 mm, 80% is 18.75 mm, 90% is 19.25 mm and 100% equal to 24.80 mm. Based on the results of research and analysis date that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mangosteen leaves (Garcinia mangostana Linn) has antibacterial activity against Ps. aeruginosa, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10% with diameter inhibitor zone is 13.20 mm.
Microalgae is a phytoplankton that has antimicrobial activity. From 20 blue-green microalgae species, 78% have antibacterial activity and 42% antifungal activity, but there are still many other microalgae species that have unknown their activities. One of the microalgae whose unknown antimicrobial potential is Spirulina plantentis. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial potential of autotrophic microalgae (Spirulina plantentis) which can be used as antimicrobial compounds from natural materials. This study used the agar diffusion method to see the antimicrobial activity of autotrophic microalgae. Microalgae suspension was tested their antimicrobial activities by using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The result shows that the MICs of Spirulina plantentis suspension against C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus were 62.5 ppm, 125 ppm and 500 ppm. The MBCs against C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus were 125 ppm, 250 ppm and 500 ppm. Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina plantentis suspension exhibited week against C. albicans and E. coli, but no antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. Spirulina plantentis produced inhibition zone against C. albicans by 3.9 mm at 125 ppm and 15.6 mm at 250 ppm, against S. aureus and E. coli by 1.4 mm at 500 ppm and 1.6 mm at 1000 ppm. Against E. coli by 8.55 mm at 500 ppm and 12 mm at 1000 ppm.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan potensi mikroalga sebagai mikroorganisme penghasil sumber protein dalam diversifikasi produk susu kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan uji mutu hedonik dengan lima perlakuan variasi susu kedelai (b/b) yang disubstitusi mikroalga untuk meningkatkan indeks nutraseutikal yaitu masing-masing 0,2% (produk A), 0,4% (produk B), 0,6% (produk C), 0,8% (produk D) dan 1,0 % (produk E). Diversifikasi produk terpilih diujikan kadar protein, lemak, cemaran logam dan cemaran mikroba. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa rerata kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, rasa, aroma, dan kekentalan produk tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05), diversifikasi produk yang dipilih terbanyak adalah (produk B) dengan respon kesukaan sebesar 74%. Hasil analisis produk (dalam 100 ml) mengandung kadar protein 3,61%, lemak 2,54%, pH 6,69, cemaran logam timbal ≤ 0,01 mg/l, tembaga 0,98 mg/l, seng 4,07 mg/l, timah ≤ 0,01 mg/l, merkuri ≤ 0,01 mg/l dan cemaran mikroba negatif salmonella, total kapang 1,3 CFU/ml, Esherichia coli 2 APM/ml dan kenaikan kadar protein sebelum dan setelah subtritusi mirolaga sebesear 0,33%. Kesimpulannya, diversifikasi produksi susu kedelai berbasis mikroalga dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan indeks nutraseutikal.Diversification of Soymilk Production Based on Autotrophic Microalgae to Improve Nutraceutical IndexAbstract Research is aimed to improve potential use of microalgae as protein microorganism producer in the manufacture of soy milk products. Hedonic quality test was used in the study with five variations on the treatment of soymilk (b/b) that was substituted with microalgae i.e. 0.2% (product A), 0.4% (product B), 0.6% (product C), 0.8% (product D), and 1.0% (product E). The modified products was tested for protein, fat, metal contamination, and microbial contamination. As results, the preference index of color, taste, aroma, and thickness of the product by panelists were not exhibited significant result (p>0.05), the most chosen product were (product B) with preference index of 74%.The analysis (per 100 ml) of protein, fat, and pH was 3.61%, 2.54%, and 6.69, respectively while metal, copper, zinc, lead, and mercury contamination was detected as 0.01, 0.98, 4.07, ≤ 0.01, ≤ 0.01 mg/l, respectively. Negative microbial contamination of salmonella was detected while the total mold was exhibited as 1.3 CFU/ml and Escherichia coli as 2 APM/ml. The increase of protein level before and after substitution with microalgae was detected as 0.33%. As conclusion, diversification of soymilk production based on microalgae might able to improve nutraceutical index of products.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of essential fatty acids that are beneficial to health. Nowadays, the source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is mainly obtained from fish which are extracted into fish oil products. However, the fish oil products still have some drawbacks in term of purity, acceptable flavor for costumers, and also their not environmental friendly production process. As an alternative solution, heterotrophic microalgae can be used as a potential source for DHA due to their excellence compared to fish oil products. The aim of this study is to isolate the heterotropic microalgae that can produce DHA. The heterotrophic microalgae were isolated from mangrove fallen leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) by using direct planting method. The morphology of pure microalgae colony were observed through light microscope and subsequently fermented for 14 days. Fatty acids were extracted and methylated through direct transesterification method. Identification and quantification of DHA were conducted by using gas chromatography. The results were four isolates of heterotropic microalgae, namely MTKC1, MTKC2, MTKC3, and MTKC4. The extract of MTKC2 that only showed the content of DHA with value of 9.2 % w/w. Therefore MTKC2 is a potential source for DHA. The MTKC2 was further identified by using molecular biology method and confirmed as Thraustochytrium aureum.
The red yeast rice was the product of fermented rice by Monascus purpureus. Metabolic processes during fermentation produce contents of secondary metabolites, such as pigment, monacolin K and citrinin. Citrinin has antimicrobial activities but its have nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic mycotoxin effects. The isolation and determination of citrinin by solid fermentation Monascus purpureus from various isolates have been done using rice as a substrate. The red yeast rice product was extracted using methanol. Citrinin levels of several red yeast rice products were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography at 330nm and 500nm with acetonitrile: phosphoric acid 0.2% (1:1), using a C18 column with a flow rate of 1ml/min. The curve of Citrinin standard linearity was created with some concentrations and produced the linear equation which was y = 71048x + 47811 with a value of r = 0.9998. The citrinin levels from several different red yeast rice products were red yeast rice of A 369.97 ng/ml, B 0.85 ng/ml, C 70.48 ng/ml, D 3.59 ng/ml and of E 790.17 ng/ml. The research showed that the different isolates of Monascus purpureus could influence the production of citrinin levels whereas the isolates of Monascus purpureus E has the highest citrinin levels. This citrinin level was considered safe to use because have not effected for nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic.
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