Urinary tract infection is the third most common cause of febrile illness among children. UTI carries a considerable morbidity among this vulnerable age group because of its potential complications (e.g. hypertension and renal failure). Because diagnosis of UTI among the pediatric age group is challenging if solely based on clinical setting, knowledge of the actual prevalence rates of UTI among children is essential for pediatricians to determine the cost benefit effect of requesting investigations for suspected cases. Infants and children with UTI often present with fever with or without urinary symptoms. During assessment of a febrile child, pediatricians should be aware of the prevalence and risk factors for UTI in febrile children that necessitate further investigations. Prevalence of UTI among children is highly variable among different studies and the variability is attributed to multiple factors. This article aims at reviewing the prevalence of UTI in children reported among various literature studies and discussing factors influencing this prevalence.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has promptly emerged as a popular alternative to traditional open laparotomy and cholecystectomy. The Objective of the current meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy.Methods: We conducted this meta-analysis using a comprehensive search of Cochrane database of systematic reviews, PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane central register of controlled trials till 15 March 2018 for studies that evaluated laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy.Results: Eleven studies have been included with a total of 80691 patients: 41485 in the laparoscopic and 39206 into the open cholecystectomy groups. Odds ratios were regularly on the side of laparoscopic operation, in terms of respiratory complications (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.34-2.64, p<0.0001), mortality (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.08-1.05, p<0.0001), and morbidity (OR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.11-0.45, p<0.0001).Conclusions: Using laparoscopic cholecystectomy decreased morbidity, mortality, and respiratory complications rates. Large-scale and long-term randomized controlled trials in various populations must be carried out in future studies to deliver more significant evidence.

Aim of the Study: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of the association of vitamin D deficiency with onset of depression in non-depressed individuals. Methods: A systematic review of the electronically searched publications of the scientific literature. We searched the Cochrane Hepato Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (1946 to 2017), EMBASE (1974 to 2017), and Science Citation Index Expanded (1900 to 2017). Initially all randomized clinical trials which studied the correlation of Vitamin D with depression were included, articles were then selectively screened according to the eligibility criteria. Results: the search yielded 11 studies, A meta-analysis of all studies without flaws demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in depression with Vitamin D supplements (+0.72 CI +0.28, +1.31). Nevertheless, studies with biological flaws were mainly inconclusive Conclusion: Our analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that Vitamin D supplementation (≥800 I.U. daily) was supported in the management of depression.

No abstract