Background Previous reports have shown that pulmonary and systemic hypergamma-globulinemia in CF patients is a reflection of chronic pulmonary infection. Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to have major prognostic significance in patients CF. This study aims to identify the incidence of immunoglobulins (especially: IgG, and IgE) in a cohort of CF patients. Methods A total of 297 patients recruited all over the country’s region for this study were a as part of the CF registry data from 1st January 1984 to 1st June 2016. All patients had their immunoglobulin levels measured by enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 3 stages, at presentation and two follow-ups. Results Of the 297 patients recruited, 139 (46.8%) were males while 158 (53.2%) were females. IgA and IgM levels were found not to have risen above the previously reported levels in healthy individuals in all stages. On the contrary, IgE level increased from 209.51 ± 32.30 KU/L to 303.58 ± 37.11 KU/L from baseline to stage 3 while IgG level rose from 12.26 ± 0.43 mg/mL to 17.17 ± 1.68 mg/mL for baseline and stage 3 respectively all above previously reported levels in healthy individuals. Conclusion This study establishes a potential for the use of IgE and IgG in disease diagnosis as well as the prognostic implications. However, further study is needed to identify the role of infection or medications in relation to the rise of both IgE and IgG with advancement of age and progression of disease severity which may inherently confound the observed results.
Aim of the Study: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of the association of vitamin D deficiency with onset of depression in non-depressed individuals. Methods: A systematic review of the electronically searched publications of the scientific literature. We searched the Cochrane Hepato Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (1946 to 2017), EMBASE (1974 to 2017), and Science Citation Index Expanded (1900 to 2017). Initially all randomized clinical trials which studied the correlation of Vitamin D with depression were included, articles were then selectively screened according to the eligibility criteria. Results: the search yielded 11 studies, A meta-analysis of all studies without flaws demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in depression with Vitamin D supplements (+0.72 CI +0.28, +1.31). Nevertheless, studies with biological flaws were mainly inconclusive Conclusion: Our analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that Vitamin D supplementation (≥800 I.U. daily) was supported in the management of depression.
BackgroundHypoglycemia has a major impact on patient health and glycemic management during insulin therapy for both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is the rate-limiting complication in diabetes management that prevents stringent glucose control. ObjectivesTo assess the knowledge and awareness about hypoglycemia as a complication of T2D in adults in Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study done among type 2 diabetes patients in Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January to June 2022. A previously validated online questionnaire was disseminated through social media to gather information from respondents. Participants were chosen via a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was completed using SPSS (version 23; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). ResultsOverall, 213 respondents were included in our study. The majority of them were females (70.9%). The participants' average age was 35.9 + 13.0 years. Our results revealed that the average awareness score of the study population was found to be 3.6 ± 1.1 (by using the Clarke method) and 3.7 ± 2.1 (by using the Gold method). Moreover, we found that impaired awareness of hypoglycemia's prevalence by Clarke's questionnaire was 52.1% and 53.5% by using the Gold questionnaire. In addition, almost half of the respondents reported weakness as a symptom of hypoglycemia over the last six months and unconsciousness over the last 12 months. Hypertension was the most commonly reported chronic disease by our participants. Lastly, factors such as age, gender, educational level, geographic distribution, and history of chronic illness did not show any significant association with impaired awareness of the prevalence of hypoglycemia. ConclusionAccording to our research, we concluded that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the region of Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia, had insufficient knowledge about hypoglycemia as a complication of T2D. Moreover, the impaired awareness of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients was found to be high. Hence, there is a need for interventional programs to raise public awareness.
Accountable Care Organization (ACO) is trying to evolve all around the world moving towards and keeping cost-effective at a minimum, providing a better quality of care and improving health outcomes in a patient-centered manner, adopting technology to organize and coordinate care between health care network, primary health care and hospitals to facilitate care and management, monitoring, and reporting quality and cost data to track patient across health care providers by allowing access to patient electronic medical file, and avoiding duplication of services and prevent medical errors. Objectives and Aims: The main objectives of this study is to find out the association of demographic data and the level of knowledge, attitude and confidence of the physicians of various age, gender, specialty, area of work and their clinical and administrative field experiences. This is to assess the ability to establish a successful basement to build a new trend in healthcare system "Accountable Care Organizations" (ACOs) in Saudi Arabia. Results: This prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted on 321 physicians with an average age of 42.8 ±11 SD. Results showed the average score for knowledge of all respondents was 65.2 out of 100 with ±15.7 SD. The overall average of the modes of the attitude was 6.8 out of 10; While the overall average of the modes of the confidence was 5.9 out of 10. Conclusion: This study was conducted to assess physicians' knowledge, attitude and confidence toward implementation of ACO in Saudi Arabia. The current study suggested that there was no significant difference between the level of knowledge of ACOs between males and females and between the specialties (consultant, specialist, or resident). Results showed that there was no significant difference in attitude between males and females neither there was a significant difference between different specialties consultants, specialists and residents. Moreover,
Within one week the kidney and the liver function improved. After that the doctor changed Bisoprolol to Carvedilol for one day only, the laboratory tests showed elevated serum transaminases. So, discontinued Carvedilol immediately and restart bisoprolol the liver function returned to the normal within four weeks. Conclusion:Carvedilol may cause liver enzymes elevated in liver impairment patient. This reaction resolves if the patient is switched to another beta-blocker. Carvedilol is contraindication in sever hepatic impairment.
Many applications for these technologies have been reported in multiple fields, including dentistry, within the last three decades. It can be used in periodontology, endodontics, orthodontics, oral implantology, maxillofacial and oral surgery, and prosthodontics. In the present literature review, we have discussed the different clinical applications of various 3D printing technologies in dentistry. Evidence indicates that 3D printing approaches are usually associated with favorable outcomes based on the continuous development and production of novel approaches, enabling clinicians to develop complex equipment in different clinical and surgical aspects. Developing work models to facilitate diagnostic and surgical settings is the commonest application of these modalities in dentistry. Besides, they can also be used to manufacture various implantable devices. Accordingly, they significantly help enhance the treatment process, reducing costs and less invasive procedures with favorable outcomes. Finally, 3D printing technologies can design complex devices in a facilitated and more accurate way than conventional methods. Therefore, 3D printing should be encouraged in clinical settings for its various advantages over conventional maneuvers.
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