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Rotaviruses were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in 11 (84.6%) of 13 faecal specimens from neonatal piglets with acute diarrhoea in a piggery near the city of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. An immunoenzimatic assay for group A rotavirus (IEA-A) was positive in ten of the samples, all of which showed a PAGE profile typical of that group. Another sample was showed a group B profile in PAGE. An immunoenzimatic assay specific for group B (IEA-B) for this faecal sample was positive, confirming the PAGE results.

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Introduction: The diarrhea associated with gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting mainly infants. The characterization of both viral and bacterial agents associated with gastroenteritis can establish policies for surveillance, prevention and treatment of infections. Group A rotaviruses are the major infectious agent associated with dehydration in children, followed by pathotypes of Escherichia coli. There are three main types of clinical infections caused by E. coli strains that have acquired virulence genes: (i) enteric and diarrheal diseases, (ii) urinary tract infections, and (iii) sepsis and meningitis. Methodology: In this study, the objective was to identify the presence of rotavirus and diarrhogenic E. coli in the feces of children 4 to 14 months of age who displayed no gastroenteritis symptoms and stayed all day in a day-care center. We analyzed 188 samples using PAGE and PCR to identify rotaviruses and E. coli virulence genes, respectively. Results: Thirty-six samples (19.1%) were positive for at least one pathotype of E. coli. Nineteen were identified to be of the EPEC group and fifteen of the EAEC group. Rotaviruses were not identified. Conclusions: As EPEC and EAEC are potential pathogens for children less than one year of age or immunocompromised individuals, our results show the importance of appropriate monitoring by public health agencies.  In the situation that we have studied, children can be considered asymptomatic carriers of these pathogens and can transmit them to other susceptible children.

The constant isolation of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from animals poses a serious risk to public health, due to the close relationship between humans and domestic animals as dogs, cats, and horses, mainly. Antimicrobial resistance determinants can be spread among bacterial populations from community or hospital and transmitted to people in close contact with animals, such as their owners and veterinary staff. We characterize the antimicrobial resistance and the genetic relationship among five Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrug-resistant isolated from canine and one isolated from a horse in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Brazil. Antimicrobial resistance was investigated using disk diffusion assay and ESBL genes by PCR. Identification of the Klebsiella species and phylogroups were perform combining the PCR and RFLP techniques. Inc/replicons groups were detected by PCR based replicon typing and clonal relatedness was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The six isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae belonging to phylogenetic group KpI. blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes were found, and blaTEM was present in all ESBL-positive strains (5/6=83.3 %), and Inc/replicons groups harbored (HI2, X, L/M, FIC, and K), associate with ESBL genes dissemination. PFGE showed genetic similarity (> 95 %) between one strain from a dog and another from the horse. This study revealed that different animal species carry multidrug-resistant bacterial clones that can be disseminated in the environment, to other animal species and humans. In this way, the widespread use or the misuse of antimicrobials may contribute to generate a population of resistant bacteria, including K. pneumoniae.