The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium (Mg 2+) supply on the nutritional status and carbohydrate partitioning of sugarcane plants. The treatments consisted of two Mg 2+ levels in nutrient solution (2 mg L −1 and 10 mg L −1). The following parameters were evaluated: leaf chlorophyll content, root morphological parameters, dry matter partition, nutritional composition, partition of carbohydrates, and soluble sugars. All plant growth parameters were influenced by Mg 2+ concentrations, except stalk dry matter. Regarding the dry matter apportioning, Mg control plants presented higher dry matter in leaves than those under Mg deficiency. Plants malnourished with Mg presented higher concentration of K + but not total dry matter accumulation. In addition, photosynthetic pigments production was lowered by Mg deficiency. The concentration of reducing sugars in leaves or roots were not affected by magnesium levels. However, in the stalks, the sucrose concentration was higher in Mg 2+ well-nourished plants. Although the dry matter in stalks was not affected by Mg supply, Mg control plants had higher sucrose accumulation in stalks compared to Mg-deficient. Therefore, Mg fertilization seems to be a key to increase sugar yield in sugarcane fields, mainly in those with high K input.
RESUMO O feijão é um grão muito consumido pela população brasileira, caracterizado como fonte de proteína acessível para a população de baixo poderio econômico. Entretanto, a produtividade brasileira é muito incipiente frente sua importância local. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar o efeito da adubação foliar com nitrogênio e boro, associada ou não à inoculação com Bacillus subtilis no desempenho agronômico do feijoeiro cv. Formoso. O experimento foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em condições de semeadura direta, no município de Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os produtos comerciais utilizados foram: Nitrobor ® (10,2 g de nitrogênio L-1 + 2,04 g de boro L-1) e Panta ® (1,0 x 10 9 u.f.c de B. subtilis mL-1). Os tratamentos foram estabelecidos por nove doses da associação Nitrobor ® + Panta ® (0 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 150 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 250 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 350 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 450 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 150 mL ha-1 + 350 mL ha-1 ; 250 mL ha-1 + 350 mL ha-1 ; 350 mL ha-1 + 350 e 450 mL ha-1 + 350 mL ha-1). A inoculação com B. subtilis via parte aérea, associado ou não ao adubo foliar contendo nitrogênio e boro, não influencia a altura de planta, componentes de produção e produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro. Palavras-chave: Adubação foliar, Inoculação foliar, Phaseolus vulgaris NITROGEN AND BORON FERTILIZATION ASSOCIATED TO THE INOCULATION WITH Bacillus subtilis IN THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF COMMON BEAN ABSTRACT The common bean is a grain widely consumed by the Brazilian population, characterized as a source of protein accessible to the population of low economic power. However, Brazilian productivity is incipient due to its local importance. The aim of this experiment was to verify the effect of foliar fertilization with nitrogen and boron, associated or not to inoculation with Bacillus subtilis on the agronomic performance of common bean cv. Formoso. The experiment was carried out in a dystrophic Red Latosol, under no-tillage conditions, in the municipality of Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with nine treatments and four replicates. The commercial products used were: Nitrobor ® (10.2 g of nitrogen L-1 + 2.04 g of boron L-1) and Panta ® (1.0 x 10 9 f.c. of B. subtilis mL-1). The treatments were established by nine doses of Nitrobor ® + Panta ® (0 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 150 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 250 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 350 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 450 mL ha-1 + 0 mL ha-1 ; 150 mL ha-1 + 350 mL ha-1 ; 250 mL ha-1 + 350 mL ha-1 ; 350 mL * mssmarcio@yahoo.com
Apesar de ser o segundo cereal mais produzido no mundo, ainda não existem herbicidas registrados para dessecação ou antecipação e uniformização da colheita do trigo no Brasil. O potencial de conservação de sementes é diretamente proporcional à qualidade fisiológica, ou seja, desde o início do armazenamento até a maturação fisiológica ainda no campo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses de amônio-glufosinato, glifosato e paraquat como herbicidas dessecantes em pré-colheita de trigo, sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes. A germinação, comprimento radicular, massa de matéria fresca não sofrem influencia da dessecação de herbicidas, independente da dose. Há incremento de parte aérea utilizando o dobro da dose recomendada de glifosato para a maioria das culturas. O amônio-glufosinato no dobro da dose apresenta condutividade elétrica menos prejudicial às sementes do trigo. O paraquat apresenta melhor desempenho na dose recomendada para a maioria das culturas. Em geral, o uso da dose média recomendada para a maioria das culturas não prejudicam a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo em dessecação pré-colheita.
Phosphorus (P) availability is important for metabolic process, tillering and formation of a vigorous root system in sugarcane, but sugarcane varieties differ in P uptake efficiency. This study evaluated the enzymatic, nutritional, and biometric parameters of two sugarcane varieties under two conditions of P availability by monitoring the initial development of plants grown in nutrient solution. The experiment was performed using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replicates and included two varieties, RB966928 (high nutritional requirements) and RB867515 (low nutritional requirements), and two concentrations of P in the nutrient solution: low (2 mg L−1) and suitable (16 mg L−1). Carbohydrate concentrations and partitioning, leaf nutrient concentrations, enzymatic activity, and shoot and root biometric parameters were analyzed. Regardless of sugarcane variety and the part of the plant, reducing sugar were approximately 32.5% higher in RB867515 and 38.5% higher in RB966928 under suitable P compared with low P. Sucrose concentrations were significantly higher in both varieties under suitable P than in low P. According to PCA, the relationship between reducing sugars and sucrose was closer in RB966928 than in RB867515. Under low P, soluble protein content decreased, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The variety RB966928 under suitable P appears to have a high capacity for proline (120%) upregulation under abiotic stress compared with RB867515 (54%), and thus higher biomass accumulation of this RB966928 variety; however, RB867515 had superior results compared to RB966928 under low P. Suitable P increased leaf concentrations of N, P, Mg, B, and Mg and decreased leaf Zn content. Root and shoot dry matter, root length, plant height, and root and stalk diameter increased by suitable P. Regardless of variety, both nutritional and biometric parameters were directly influenced by P levels, including sugarcane yield. In relation of sugarcane dry matter, RB966928 was less sensitive to low P levels and more responsive to P supply than RB867515 and thus may be more suitable for environments in which P is limiting.
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