RESUMO 004,006,026,164MPa)

To evaluate the effectiveness of Uncaria tomentosa in minimizing the side effects of chemotherapy and improving the antioxidant status of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, a randomized clinical trial was conducted. Patients (43) undergoing adjuvant/palliative chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil/leucovorin + oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) were split into two groups: the UT group received chemotherapy plus 300 mg of Uncaria tomentosa daily and the C group received only FOLFOX4 and served as a control. Blood samples were collected before each of the 6 cycles of chemotherapy, and hemograms, oxidative stress, enzymes antioxidants, immunologic parameters, and adverse events were analyzed. The use of 300 mg of Uncaria tomentosa daily during 6 cycles of FOLFOX4 did not change the analyzed parameters, and no toxic effects were observed.

Regulador de crescimento em plantas de trigo: reflexos sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo, rendimento e qualidade de grãosReguladores de crescimento podem ser utilizados com o intuito de evitar o acamamento do trigo, porém, podem apresentar outros benefícios, em função da melhoria da interceptação de luz e da realocação de carbono. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do regulador de crescimento (trinexapac-etil) sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo, os componentes da produção e a qualidade de grãos de dois cultivares de trigo distintos em relação à susceptibilidade ao acamamento. Um experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação e outro a campo. No experimento em casa de vegetação, foram avaliadas as variáveis de desenvolvimento vegetativo (estatura de planta, relação entre raiz e parte aérea, áreas foliares unitária e total, comprimento e matéria seca de raízes) em plantas de trigo, com e sem a aplicação de trinexapac-etil, em estádio de primeiro nó visível e segundo nó perceptível. A campo foram avaliadas variáveis de desenvolvimento vegetativo (clorofila, estatura e área foliar), rendimento (número de espigas, massa de mil grãos e produtividade) e qualidade (massa do hectolitro e conteúdo de proteína), em plantas de trigo com variações de aplicação de trinexapac-etil (testemunha sem aplicação, perfilhamento e primeiro nó visível e segundo perceptível). O regulador de crescimento trinexapac-etil aumenta a relação entre raiz e parte aérea do cultivar Mirante e a produtividade dos cultivares Quartzo e Mirante. Porém, não interfere na qualidade de grãos desses cultivares. Palavras Growth regulator in wheat: effects on vegetative development, yield and grain qualityGrowth regulators can be used to avoid wheat lodging, but can also bring benefits such as increase in intercepted radiation and carbon reallocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a growth regulator (trinexapacethyl) on the vegetative development, production components and grain quality of two wheat cultivars with different susceptibility to lodging. Two experiments were carried out; one in a green house and another in the field. In the green house experiment, the vegetative development variables (plant height, leaf area, root: shootratio, length and dry mass of roots) were evaluated with and without application of trinexapac-ethyl on the first visible node and on the second noticeable node. The following characteristics were evaluated in the field: vegetative development, yield and quality grain variables (hectoliter mass and protein content) with varying trinexapac-ethyl applications (untreated control, tillering, first visible node and second notice able node). The growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl increased the root: shoot ratio in the cultivar Mirante and increased the yield in the cultivars Quartzo and Mirante. However, the growth regulator did not influence the grain quality of these cultivars.

RESUMO -O fungo IDENTIFICATION AND UTILIZATION OF Trichoderma spp. STORED AND NATIVE INSclerotinia sclerotiorum BIOCONTROL ABSTRACT -The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, handles significant losses in lettuce production. Being a soil borne fungus, its management is difficult, and an alternative is the use of biological control using species of the Trichoderma genus. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify native species of Trichoderma spp. presents in the soil with (CP) and without white mold (SP), evaluate the growth rate and in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against S. sclerotiorum and to verify the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. microbiolized lettuce seeds, growing in substrate infested with S. sclerotiorum. Trichoderma spp. isolates were obtained from areas with and without history of white mold or stored in water. Mycelial growth rate and sporulation of the Trichoderma spp. isolates and control of Trichoderma spp. versus S. sclerotiorum in the in vitro essays. For thein vivo essay, lettuce seeds were microbiolized with Trichoderma spp. and the substrate was infested with S. sclerotiorum. The native isolates of Trichoderma identified belong to T. koningiopsis and T. asperellum species. The CP isolates had higher mycelial growth rates when compared to the SP isolates and stored while the stored isolates showed better responses in confrontation. The application of Trichoderma spp. promoted higher seedlings quality compared to control, as well as good seedlings development in the presence of the pathogen.

This work aimed to compare the competitive ability of canola hybrids susceptible (conventional) or resistant to triazine or imidazolinone group herbicides, with turnip. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The hybrids Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinone), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazine), and Hyola 61 (conventional) were used. The treatments consisted of ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100%) of canola and turnip plants. The evaluation was performed 44 days after emergence, determining the leaf área (AF), dry matter of aerial part (MSPA), and stature (EST) of the plants. The competitiveness analysis was performed through diagrams and interpretation of the competitiveness indexes. For the canola hybrids, the competition occurred by the same mean resources. There was damage to the crop growth in competition with the turnip. The turnip was not benefited only when in competition with Hyola 571CL hybrid, for the EST variable, and with the conventional canola, for the variable AF. There was significance for the competitiveness indexes, demonstrating that turnip is more competitive then the crop. Greater AF, MSPA, and EST occurred for canola plants in the smallest proportions of turnip and, for turnip plants, in the largest proportions of canola. The ability to compete with turnip is similar among hybrids, with injury to the crop and benefit to the weed, when competing. Interspecific competition is more damaging to canola hybrids; and intraspecific competition is more damaging to turnip.

Since the 90's, black foot disease threatens grape production in many countries. Recently, new species associated to this disease have been described, but more studies related to their aggressiveness are necessary. Isolates of Ilyonectria macrodidyma, Ilyonectria robusta and "Cylindrocarpon" pauciseptatum obtained from grapevines with black foot symptoms collected in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were inoculated on rooted cuttings of Vitis labrusca cv. Bordô and its root and aerial symptoms were evaluated. All isolates caused symptoms typical of the disease, including necrosis of the root and crown, as well as mass reduction of the canopy and of the root system. The isolates were reisolated from necrotic wood fragments, thus confirming their potential for damage on Vitis labrusca. Agressividade de Ilyonectria spp. e "Cylindrocarpon" pauciseptatum associados com a doença pé-preto da videiraRESUMO Desde a década de 90, a doença pé-preto ameaça a produção de uva em vários países. Recentemente, novas espécies associadas a esta doença têm sido descritas, necessitando de estudos avaliando sua agressividade. Isolados de Ilyonectria macrodidyma, Ilyonectria robusta e "Cylindrocarpon" pauciseptatum, obtidos de videiras com sintomas de pé-preto, foram coletados no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e inoculados em estacas enraizadas de Vitis labrusca cv. Bordô e sintomas radiculares e aéreos foram avaliados. Todos os isolados originaram sintomas típicos da doença incluindo necrose em raízes e base da planta, além de redução de massa de parte aérea e raízes. Os isolados foram reisolados de fragmentos lenhosos necróticos confirmando, assim, seu potencial de dano em Vitis labrusca.Palavras-chave: declínio da videira, patogenicidade, patógenos de solo, Vitis spp.

reaction rate (V max) was determined, as well as the enzyme's activity in the presence of imazapic and metsulfuron-methyl inhibitors. There was no change in the K m and V max in the hybrid Hyola 571CL in relation to Hyola 61. The hybrid Hyola 555TT presented V max higher than the other hybrids. In the hybrid Hyola 571CL, the activity of ALS was reduced only by the application of metsulfuron-methyl, and the functionality of the enzyme did not change in relation to the other hybrids. The hybrid Hyola 571CL is resistant only to the imidazolinone group herbicide and this resistance does not cause adaptive cost in relation to the other hybrids.

Canola is an important rotation crop for the winter season and the use of atrazine-resistant hybrids can lead to an increase in yield. This work was aimed at evaluating the effect of atrazine on photochemical and biochemical processes of photosynthesis in triazine-resistant canola. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with triazine-resistant hybrid Hyola® 555TT, in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of application or no application of atrazine on canola plants. The plants were assessed at one, three, five, and eight days after application (DAA) for chlorophyll indexes, modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange. Chlorophyll indexes were higher in canola plants treated with atrazine. Application of atrazine caused an increase in fluorescence at steady state and a reduction in quantum efficiency of photosystem II and electron transport rate, at 1 DAA, and a reduction in photochemical quenching, at 1 and 3 DAA. Lower stomatal conductance, at 1 DAA, and higher net carbon assimilation rate, at 8 DAA, were found in plants treated with atrazine. The application of atrazine temporarily reduces electron transport between photosystems and increases chlorophyll indexes in resistant canola plants, raising the net carbon assimilation rate at eight days after application.