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Building from the context of ongoing debates around the changing roles of universities in society, this paper contributes to analysis of academia-society interface in two important respects. First, the paper considers the underresearched subset of relations that exist between academia and public policy. It is argued that academia-policy relations bear similarities to academia-market relations; like imperfect markets, policy environments tend to be characterised by concentrations of power. Thus similar concerns to those evident in debates around the commercialisation of university activity are relevant. Second, the paper explores the issue of balance in the role of the academic with regards public policy though an auto-reflective case analysis of an emerging experience in the Basque Country region of Spain. An aim is to reflect on the very fine (and frequently controversial) line between policyoriented academic research and policy consultancy. The analysis highlights some of the benefits and issues with integrating action research principles into research projects, and suggests the significance of co-generation of knowledge and learning processes between academics and policy-makers. In turn this has specific implications for the time-horizon of relationships (long-rather than short-term) and for doctoral training (in research methodologies appropriate for such processes).

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The discussion in this article focuses on how the gap between academic knowledge and regional development can be bridged, creating conditions for change processes between researchers and regional agents. Institutional entrepreneurs can create regional development organisations and research organisations, but in order to fulfil regional needs it is necessary to create processes where researchers and practitioners can connect and create a mutual change process. The analysis shows how new organisations have been used to create conditions for knowledge co‐generation processes, a change in the language used and new work methods between researchers from Deusto University and Orkestra and regional actors over a period of 11 years in the Basque Country.

Action Research Journal (ARJ) continues to embrace many paradigms of inquiry. Given the call of our time, we have refreshed our commitment to emphasizing Action Research for Transformations (ART) and, in the process of doing our work, to develop and convene a global community of practice under the larger umbrella of ARþ Foundation (www.ActionResearchPlus.com) which provides resources for all on the ART path. Because of our decision to emphasize Action Research that is transformative, we have refreshed the journal's seven "quality choicepoints." ARJ for ART's sake Civilizational, structural transformation-transforming our social, political and economic systems-is now urgent. The Associate Editors at ARJ, i.e. those charged with developing papers for publication, have issued a call to action researchers to better tie efforts, practice and inquiry, to this challenge. ART helps articulate the heart of the ART (Bradbury et al., 2019). ART means that ARJ's knowledge creation: