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Iodo(aryl)palladium complexes, [PdI{C 6 H 3 (CF 3 ) 2 -3,5}(N-N)] (N-N ) tmeda, bpy, 4,4′dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Me 2 bpy)), react with AgBF 4 in CH 3 CN, acetone, and THF to yield stable cationic arylpalladium complexes [Pd{C 6 H 3 (CF 3 ) 2 -3,5}(N-N)(solv)]BF 4 . A similar reaction of AgBF 4 with [PdI(C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5)(bpy)] in CH 3 CN gives [Pd(C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5)(bpy)-(CH 3 CN)]BF 4 . The complex does not change its NMR spectrum for 1 h at room temperature in CD 3 CN but undergoes decomposition upon dissolution in acetone to release 3,3′,5,5′tetramethylbiphenyl. Addition of AgBF 4 to acetone or THF solutions of [PdI(Ar)(bpy)] (Ar ) Ph, C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5) and of [PdI(Ar)(Me 2 bpy)] (Ar ) C 6 H 4 OMe-4, C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5) does not lead to isolation of the cationic arylpalladium complexes and causes intermolecular coupling of the aryl ligands to yield the corresponding biaryls. The reaction of AgBF 4 with [PdI(C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5)(bpy)] in the presence of an excess amount of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in CH 3 CN gives [Pd(CZdCZ-CZdCZ-C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5)(bpy)(CH 3 CN)]BF 4 (Z ) COOMe) via insertion of two acetylene molecules into the Pd-aryl bond. A similar reaction in acetone or THF causes insertion of three DMAD molecules into the Pd-aryl bond and cyclization of the formed Pd-(CZdCZ) 3 -Ar group to give the product containing a cyclopentadiene structure in the ligand. [PdI(CZdCZ-C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5)(bpy)] reacts with AgBF 4 in CH 3 CN to form a cationic complex, [Pd(CZdCZ-C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5)(bpy)(CH 3 CN)]BF 4 . A series of cationic Pd complexes, formed through insertion of one, two, and three alkyne molecules into the Pd-aryl bond, are characterized by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. Phenylallene reacts with [PdI(C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5)(bpy)] in the presence of AgBF 4 to give [Pd{η 3 -CH 2 C-(C 6 H 3 Me 2 -3,5)CHPh}(bpy)]BF 4 via insertion of the CdC double bond of the allene into the Pd-C bond of the cationic arylpalladium complex. The π-allylpalladium complex crystallizes exclusively in a form with a syn-oriented phenyl substituent but exists in solution as a mixture of the isomers with a syn or anti phenyl substituent.

Our modest exercise program improved the physical performance of CKD patients without deterioration of renal function. These results suggest that exercise rather than excess rest should be recommended for CKD patients to avoid muscle wasting.

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