Summary Canine thelaziosis is widely distributed in Far Eastern countries and considered endemic in many European

Eversion of the third eyelid - EPT, is a condition when the third eyelid rolls back, actually of its margin anteriorally. It occurs almost exclusively in big dog breeds such as the German shepherd, doga, St. Bernard, Newfoundalnder, retrievers, and English bulldogs. Congenital or acquired weakness of the PT cartilage is considered as the main reason for the incidence of EPT. The clinical picture is diverse and it most often depends on the intensity, duration and possible complications. The most prominent sign is a certain degree of EPT. Therapy is based on careful submucous excision of the deformed cartilage, with optional stitching of the conjunctive. The most frequent complication is a repeated eversion of the eyelid, as well as protrusion of the PT gland. The prognosis is good if the preoperative and operative procedure are carried out as required, and the eyelid is not too long.

Introduction/Objective. The objective of this paper was to assess the diagnostic value of three simple dry eye (DE) tests: lid parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), tear meniscus height (TMH), and tear ferning (TF). Methods. Diagnostic DE tests LIPCOF, TMH and TF tests were performed in 100 patients. Eighty of them were referred to us by rheumatologists and general practitioners either during evaluation for Sj?gren?s syndrome, or because of DE symptoms. Control group was made of 20 patients, with no DE relating symptoms. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was used for DE symptoms? evaluation. Results of LIPCOF, TMH and TF tests were compared with results of Copenhagen criteria (CC) DE tests i.e., tear fluorescein break up time, Schirmer I and Rose Bengal tests. Ability of tests to recognize DE in various grades according to Dry Eye Work Shop (DEWS) report score system was assessed. Results. Compared to CC, sensitivity of LIPCOF and TMH was high: 92.8% and 83.5%, while specificity was low: 34.4% and 49.2%, respectively. TF had low sensitivity of 59.1% but high specificity of 82.7%. Mean values of both LIPCOF and TMH differed significantly (F = 7.222, p < 0.001 and F = 11.802, p < 0.001) between control group and all DEWS DE grades, but not among different grades of DE. Conclusions. Diagnostic tests TMH and LIPCOF showed high sensitivity which makes them excellent screening DE tests. Low sensitivity of TF suggests that it is not truly a good screening test on its own, but its high specificity is of definite value.

The paper is a five year retrospective study of the efficacy of 0.2% Cyclosporine A eye cream in the treatment of chronic autoimmunemediated KCS in dogs. 114 dogs of 32 breeds, both sexes, and different ages with chronic autoimmune-mediated KCS were treated with 0.2% Cyclosporine A in the form of eye cream (Optimmune®, Schering -Plough Animal Health) applied to the lower lid conjunctiva at a dose of 6 mm length of the cream strip every 12 hours, during 90 days. Dogs treated with CsA had an improved STT score, specially dogs which had STT values >5 mm/min at the start. Improvement of the clinical picture and healing of superficial corneal lesions were also recorded.

Diagnostics of the anterior segment of the eye present the most frequent diagnostics implemented in ophthalmology and by most veterinary practicians as well. This paper presents the complete diagnostics in the most concise form possible. The procedure with animals is presented first, followed by the equipment, and then anamnesis. The following diagnostic methods are presented: examination in a lighted room which include an examination from a distance, taking a smear, the Schirmer tear test (STT), an examination from close by, examination in a dark room which comprises the elementary examinations, such as the use of focal lighting and examination using a direct ophthalmoscope, and special examination in a dark room, such as biomicroscopy, gonioscopy and keratoscopy. Additional examination methods are also included

Analyses of the viscerocranial parameters in dogs has been avoided due to inconsistencies in defining the reference points for linear and angular measurements. In our study we classified the elements which refer to the balance of skeletal structures and teeth in relation to other osseous elements. By X-ray-photoimaging spatial relations within the osseous system of the head of German Shepherd dogs angular parameters (gonial angle Go, the angles Iv, SNA, SNB, ANB and NSBa) were constructed. Sagittal positions or inclinations of the upper and lower incisors were determined by angles C and D and their relationship was determined by the interincisal angle E. The position of the upper and lower eyeteeth in relation to the basic plane of the maxilla and mandible was determined by the numerical values of angles F and G. The opportunity to define the type of growth, and the changes between the face and the skull base, was provided by constructing the following angles of the polygon, as well as by the exact determination of their individual and total values: <SarGo, <NSAr, <ArGoIv, <GoIvMe

Entropium or the twisting of eyelides presents one of the most common eyelid diseases in dogs, and therefore its surgical correction is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in veterinary eye surgery. Due to insufficient training and the application of inadequate techniques, deformities occur that affect even the eyeball. Eventually, ulceral keratitis usually appears which can result in the perforation of the cornea, and, consequently, in most cases, the loss of an eye. It is usually not very difficult to make a diagnosis, especially when the eyelied is twisted. In entropium therapy surgical treatment is an imperative. Other methods have a more or less historical significance. A surgical correction is necessary in almost every case of entropium. A great number of surgical techniques for correcting entropium have been described, but they are often unnecessarily complicated and do not provide significantly better results. The choice of the technique itself depends on the case, the size of the affected eyelid surface, and the intensity of entropium. The most commonly applied technique for the correction of entropum is the Hotz-Celsus procedure. This technique yields the best results, and at the same time is the easiest to perform, especially for a surgeon who is not very experienced. The Hotz-Celsus technique is performed in the following manner: part of the skin close to the edge of the eyelid is removed in the shape of an ellipse, the wound is then stitched and the eyelid is thus tightened, i.e. restored to its normal position. The Y and V technique is more complicated but more precise, and it is performed mostly on the central part of the eyelid. The medical cantal V plastic is primarily done in corrections of medial entropium. The recommended material is Nylon, and in this area silk from 6.0 to 4.0 also be used

An unusual case is presented of an unsuspected orbital metallic foreign body (sewing needle) in a dog. The skin entrance wound injury was undetected during two clinical examinations, likely due to the quick skin healing and punctiform nature of the wound in the skin/muscles/orbit. The most unusual characteristic of this case is the cause of the wound. The metallic foreign body could have penetrated the cornea through an oblique limbal/scleral pathway at the moment of injury, leaving no obvious signs of corneal injury in the first clinical examination. Secondly, the corneal injury perhaps occurred due to the dog rubbing its head on the floor between the initial examination and the first follow-up examination after seven days. At first, the case presented as anterior uveitis with an unknown cause. Due to quick scar formation of wounds in dogs and the fact that punctiform wounds can be difficult to detect, an orbital foreign body was not initially suspected. However, seven days afterwards, a new sign of triangular limbus-based corneal opacification appeared. This led to suspicion of a previous corneal injury and the nearby (orbital) presence of a foreign body. This diagnosis was