Awareness of clinical presentation of IM is most important for correct diagnosis. Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a useful diagnostic procedure in the following up of IM.
The retrobulbar part of the optic nerve is thicker in 94% of the patients with retrobulbar neuritis and in all the patients with papillitis. There is a correlation between the reduction of visual acuity and thickening of a retrobulbar part.
Introduction/Objective. The objective of this paper was to assess the
diagnostic value of three simple dry eye (DE) tests: lid parallel
conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), tear meniscus height (TMH), and tear ferning
(TF). Methods. Diagnostic DE tests LIPCOF, TMH and TF tests were performed
in 100 patients. Eighty of them were referred to us by rheumatologists and
general practitioners either during evaluation for Sj?gren?s syndrome, or
because of DE symptoms. Control group was made of 20 patients, with no DE
relating symptoms. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was
used for DE symptoms? evaluation. Results of LIPCOF, TMH and TF tests were
compared with results of Copenhagen criteria (CC) DE tests i.e., tear
fluorescein break up time, Schirmer I and Rose Bengal tests. Ability of
tests to recognize DE in various grades according to Dry Eye Work Shop
(DEWS) report score system was assessed. Results. Compared to CC,
sensitivity of LIPCOF and TMH was high: 92.8% and 83.5%, while specificity
was low: 34.4% and 49.2%, respectively. TF had low sensitivity of 59.1% but
high specificity of 82.7%. Mean values of both LIPCOF and TMH differed
significantly (F = 7.222, p < 0.001 and F = 11.802, p < 0.001) between
control group and all DEWS DE grades, but not among different grades of DE.
Conclusions. Diagnostic tests TMH and LIPCOF showed high sensitivity which
makes them excellent screening DE tests. Low sensitivity of TF suggests that
it is not truly a good screening test on its own, but its high specificity
is of definite value.
Ophthalmologist has an important role in the multidisciplinary approach to patients with HIV/AIDS from introducing the diagnosis to the follow-up and the treatment of ocular complications which may accompany this chronic illness. With the active involvement of eye professionals serious consequences can be prevented, which have not only medical but also social and economic implications on the individual and the society as a whole.
Introduction Primary acquired iris stromal cyst is rare in adults. In this group, they are generally stable lesions which require no treatment. Case outline We describe a rare case of a small primary iris cyst in a 39-year-old patient, associated with unusual signs of irritation. Ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrated iris stromal cyst measuring 3 × 2 mm. A neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser cystotomy was engaged as the least invasive treatment approach. However, the cyst recurred soon after repeated laser treatment and sector iridectomy with excision of the cyst was performed. Five years after surgery there was no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion Although more benign clinical course of primary stromal iris cyst is generally assumed in adults as compared to children, complete cyst removal seems to be mandatory for preventing cyst recurrence regardless of the cyst size or patient age. To the authors' knowledge this is the first documented report of Nd:YAG laser photodisruption of acquired primary iris stromal cyst in an adult.
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