No abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the ethnobotanical features of taxa belonging to the genus Stachys L. in Turkish Flora. Their vernacular names and local usages patterns have been determined. To determine the ethnobotanical uses of Stachys L. taxa; ethnobotanical studies made in Turkey have examined. Also, the field study carried out in different regions in Turkey. The ethnobotanical use of 38 Stachys L. taxa (29 species) has been identified in Turkey. The first 2 species that are used most: S. lavandulifolia and S. cretica. They are used 59 different of the vernacular names for Stachys L. taxa in Turkey, They are mostly known in Anatolia as "Dağ çayı". Also ""BareĢ"", ""Çaye çe"", "Rıhena tehtan" and ""Tokalı çay"" are among the names given. Stachys L. species are generally consumed as a herbal tea for medicinal in Turkey. Besides, they are used for as powder for animal disease, gargle for sore throat and handkerchief and hair accessories (both from leaves) for children. In terms of food as a spice, only the S. mardinensis species was observed. Stachys L. taxa have been revealed that they are being used in the treatment of about 40 different diseases and symptoms. Top diseases and symptoms treated with Stachys L. taxa: stomathic, cold, cough and diabetes. The most used parts of the plants are listed aerial parts and leaves.

No abstract

Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global health catastrophe by affecting the whole human population around the globe. Unfortunately, there is no specific medication or treatment for COVID-19 currently available. Objective: It’s extremely necessary to apply effective drug treatment in order to end the pandemic period and return daily life to normal. In terms of the urgency of treatment, rather than focusing on the discovery of novel compounds, it is critical to explore the effects of existing herbal agents with proven antiviral properties on the virus. Method: Molecular docking studies were carried out with three different methods, Glide extra precision (XP) docking, Induced Fit docking (IFD), and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA), to determine the potential effects of 58 phytochemicals in the content of Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymbra spicata, Satureja thymbra, and Stachys lavandulifolia plants -have antiviral and antibacterial effects- against Main Protease (Mpro) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) enzymes. Results: 7 compounds stand out among all molecules by showing very high binding affinities. According to our findings, the substances chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, and rosmanol exhibit extremely significant binding affinities for both Mpro and ACE2 enzymes. Furthermore, it was discovered that carnosic acid and alpha-cadinol showed potential anti-Mpro activity, whereas caffeic acid and carvacrol had promising anti-ACE2 activity. Conclusion: Chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, rosmanol, carnosic acid, alpha-cadinol, caffeic acid, and carvacrol compounds have been shown to be powerful anti-SARS-COV-2 agents in docking simulations against Mpro and ACE2 enzymes, as well as ADME investigations.

Bu çalışmada; Stachys L. cinsi (Lamiaceae) Distantes altseksiyonu taksonları üzerinde karşılaştırmalı anatomik ve mikromorfolojik çalışmalar yapılmış ve altseksiyonun taksonları için ayırt edici karakterler belirlenmiştir. Anatomik çalışmalarda, elle kesit alma ve parafine gömme yoluyla mikrotomda kesit alma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Mikromorfolojik çalışmalar ise LM (Işık Mikroskobu) ve SEM (Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu)' de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anatomik çalışmalarda, taksonların gövde ve yaprak yapılarında benzerlikler bulunmasının yanında bazı ayırt edici farklılıklar da tespit edilmiştir. Mikromorfolojik çalışmalarda ise taksonların tüy ve nutlet özelliklerinin tür ve tür altı seviyede kullanışlı karakterler olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma neticesinde gövde yapısında köşelerde demet şeklinde sklerenkima varlığı, salgı tüylerinin varlığı ve tipleri, nutlet yüzey ornamentasyonu, nutletteki kanat varlığı ve karın bölgesinin yapısı taksonların ayırt edilmesinde kullanılabilecek önemli karakterlerdir. Numerik bulgulara göre tüy ve nutlet mikromorfolojik karakterlerinin anatomik karakterlerden daha önemli olduğu görülmüştür.

One of the important causes of air pollution is automobile emissions Automobile exhausts can be toxic and harmful to plants. In light of this, this study aimed to examine the anatomical and micromorphological effects of auto exhaust pollution on Pistacia vera L. (Pistachio), an important agricultural plant. Pistachio leaflet samples taken from heavy traffic areas and rural areas were compared anatomically and micromorphologically. Also, the data were statistically evaluated. As a result of the study, it was seen that there are anatomical and micromorphological differences between the plant in the rural area and the plant in the heavy traffic area in the city center where air pollution and the number of cars are high. In particular, significant differences were detected in the epidermis surface and cuticle structure, trichome cover, stomatal characteristics, as well as mesophyll width, and epidermis anticlinal outer wall width. As a result, the study revealed that the agriculturally important P. vera is affected by pollution anatomically and micromorphologically.

BACKGROUND Plants have important chemical compounds to protect organisms from many mutagens but they may also have dangerous toxic substances that must be tested before use. Lallemantia iberica has been used by local people for treatment of some diseases but it was never tested for its cell protective and antimutagenic/antirecombinogenic properties. In this study, it was aimed to determine the cytoprotective, antimutagenic/antirecombinogenic, antibacterial, antioxidant and phenolic profile of L. iberica by MTS assay, micronucleus test/somatic mutation recombination test (SMART), disc diffusion method, ABTS/DPPH tests and liquid chromatography (LC), respectively. RESULTS MTS assay results showed that both of the extracts supported the normal growth of healthy human lymphocytes and there was no significant difference between extracts. Although there was no significant increase in micronucleus concentration (‰) of the cultures treated with ethanol or methanol extracts, methanol extract caused slightly lower micronucleus concentration (12.64 ± 3.65‰) than the ethanol extract (24.46 ± 4.50‰). SMART results showed that ethanol and methanol extracts prevented harmful mitotic recombination. Lallemantia iberica also showed antibacterial activity against all of the strains tested, and the largest inhibition zones were observed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.9 mm) and Enterobacter aerogenes (13.8 mm). Methanol extracts showed better antioxidant activities (ABTS IC50: 104.07 μg mL−1, DPPH IC50: 58.8 μg mL−1) than ethanol extracts (ABTS IC50: 344.03 μg mL−1, DPPH IC50: 233.7 μg mL−1). According to the LC results, the most abundant phenolic compounds were rutin hydrate (1796.4 ± 62.9 mg kg−1) and p‐coumaric acid (228.1 ± 7.60 mg kg−1). CONCLUSION Lallemantia iberica extracts had cell‐protective, antimutagenic/antirecombinogenic, antibacterial and strong antioxidant characteristics in relation to their rich phenolic content. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

In this study, statistical analysis was performed on mitotic metaphase chromosomes of 26 Lathyrus taxa, four of which are endemic. According to the findings obtained as a result of analysis, taxa close to each other were determined. Chromosome characteristics were revealed based on the arm lengths of taxa. Based on these, ANOVA, correlation analysis, PCA and cluster analysis were performed to determine the chromosomal relationships between taxa. Morphological similarities of plant taxa and chromosomal statistics results may not be always parallel to each other. According to Cluster Analysis, especially L. hirsutus - L. odoratus, L. brachypterus subsp. haussknechtii - L. phaselitanus, L. stenophyllus - L. chloranthus, L. gorgoni var. gorgoni, - L. nissolia - L. pratensis, L. tuberosus - L. annuus taxa are closely related.