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The purpose of this study was to determine the ethnobotanical features of taxa belonging to the genus Stachys L. in Turkish Flora. Their vernacular names and local usages patterns have been determined. To determine the ethnobotanical uses of Stachys L. taxa; ethnobotanical studies made in Turkey have examined. Also, the field study carried out in different regions in Turkey. The ethnobotanical use of 38 Stachys L. taxa (29 species) has been identified in Turkey. The first 2 species that are used most: S. lavandulifolia and S. cretica. They are used 59 different of the vernacular names for Stachys L. taxa in Turkey, They are mostly known in Anatolia as "Dağ çayı". Also ""BareĢ"", ""Çaye çe"", "Rıhena tehtan" and ""Tokalı çay"" are among the names given. Stachys L. species are generally consumed as a herbal tea for medicinal in Turkey. Besides, they are used for as powder for animal disease, gargle for sore throat and handkerchief and hair accessories (both from leaves) for children. In terms of food as a spice, only the S. mardinensis species was observed. Stachys L. taxa have been revealed that they are being used in the treatment of about 40 different diseases and symptoms. Top diseases and symptoms treated with Stachys L. taxa: stomathic, cold, cough and diabetes. The most used parts of the plants are listed aerial parts and leaves.

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Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global health catastrophe by affecting the whole human population around the globe. Unfortunately, there is no specific medication or treatment for COVID-19 currently available. Objective: It’s extremely necessary to apply effective drug treatment in order to end the pandemic period and return daily life to normal. In terms of the urgency of treatment, rather than focusing on the discovery of novel compounds, it is critical to explore the effects of existing herbal agents with proven antiviral properties on the virus. Method: Molecular docking studies were carried out with three different methods, Glide extra precision (XP) docking, Induced Fit docking (IFD), and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA), to determine the potential effects of 58 phytochemicals in the content of Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymbra spicata, Satureja thymbra, and Stachys lavandulifolia plants -have antiviral and antibacterial effects- against Main Protease (Mpro) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) enzymes. Results: 7 compounds stand out among all molecules by showing very high binding affinities. According to our findings, the substances chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, and rosmanol exhibit extremely significant binding affinities for both Mpro and ACE2 enzymes. Furthermore, it was discovered that carnosic acid and alpha-cadinol showed potential anti-Mpro activity, whereas caffeic acid and carvacrol had promising anti-ACE2 activity. Conclusion: Chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, rosmanol, carnosic acid, alpha-cadinol, caffeic acid, and carvacrol compounds have been shown to be powerful anti-SARS-COV-2 agents in docking simulations against Mpro and ACE2 enzymes, as well as ADME investigations.

Bu çalışmada; Stachys L. cinsi (Lamiaceae) Distantes altseksiyonu taksonları üzerinde karşılaştırmalı anatomik ve mikromorfolojik çalışmalar yapılmış ve altseksiyonun taksonları için ayırt edici karakterler belirlenmiştir. Anatomik çalışmalarda, elle kesit alma ve parafine gömme yoluyla mikrotomda kesit alma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Mikromorfolojik çalışmalar ise LM (Işık Mikroskobu) ve SEM (Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu)' de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anatomik çalışmalarda, taksonların gövde ve yaprak yapılarında benzerlikler bulunmasının yanında bazı ayırt edici farklılıklar da tespit edilmiştir. Mikromorfolojik çalışmalarda ise taksonların tüy ve nutlet özelliklerinin tür ve tür altı seviyede kullanışlı karakterler olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma neticesinde gövde yapısında köşelerde demet şeklinde sklerenkima varlığı, salgı tüylerinin varlığı ve tipleri, nutlet yüzey ornamentasyonu, nutletteki kanat varlığı ve karın bölgesinin yapısı taksonların ayırt edilmesinde kullanılabilecek önemli karakterlerdir. Numerik bulgulara göre tüy ve nutlet mikromorfolojik karakterlerinin anatomik karakterlerden daha önemli olduğu görülmüştür.