Photorefractive keratectomy in children represents another method of providing long-term resolution of bilateral high myopia and myopic anisometropic amblyopia.

These findings indicate that estrogens and HT increase retinal blood flow and protect the retinal nerve fiber layer.

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This article reviews the effects of systemic medications and some native vasoactive molecules on ocular blood flow (OBF). Some evidence exists for a positive effect of centrally acting calcium-channel blockers, nitric oxide precursors, adenosine, histamine, estrogens, and ginkgo biloba extract, while evidence for a negative effect on OBF exists for endothelin-1 and indomethacin. Some other molecules appear to have mixed effects, depending on the ocular vascular bed studied or the study protocol. In addition, medically induced changes in systemic blood pressure (BP) have an important impact on OBF, and the direction and magnitude of this effect may depend on the disease status of the patient and of the eye, as well as the absolute level of BP achieved. There are relatively few studies of the effects of systemic medications on OBF in glaucoma patients, and little is known of the long-term impact of such therapies on the preservation of optic nerve structure and function.

We have developed a hazard perception test (HPT) that presents short video scenes to observers and requires them to identify a traffic conflict that could lead to a collision between the 'camera' vehicle and another road user. In the present study, we compared the performance of young, experienced drivers (M = 21.30 years of age) with that of healthy, older drivers (M = 70.88 years of age). Although an average hazard perception test score based on all scenes did not produce systematic age effects, older adults were systematically slower on a composite hazard perception test score used previously with novice drivers (Scialfa et al., 2011b). Age differences in hazard perception test latencies were mediated by contrast sensitivity, but not simple reaction time. The findings suggest that a brief hazard perception test could potentially be used in the assessment of drivers across the adult lifespan.