Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Increases Retinal Blood Flow and Protects the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer

Deschênes, Micheline C.; Descovich, Denise; Moreau, M.; Granger, Louis; Kuchel, George A.; Mikkola, Tomi S.; Fick, Gordon H.; Chemtob, Sylvain; Vaucher, Elvire; Lesk, Mark R.

doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3710

Cited by 78 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…27 Estrogen has also been shown to increase retinal blood flow and protect the RNFL in animal and clinical models of optic nerve injury. 28 In an experimental model of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, 17␤-estradiol activated mitochondrial biogenesis and improved energetic competence, prompting the authors to postulate that the protective effects of estrogen may explain the higher prevalence of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in men relative to women. 29 Although it is plausible that the neuroprotective benefits of estrogen may have contributed to the relatively wellpreserved RNFL values in women relative to men observed in this study, we did not specifically evaluate sex hormones and therefore cannot draw any conclusions in this regard.…”

Section: Figure 2 Change In Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (Rnfl) Thicknesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific differences in retinal nerve fiber layer thinning after acute optic neuritis

et al. 2012

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Objective:The primary objective of this study was to explore the potential influence of gender on recovery from optic neuritis (ON) by determining whether differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness can be detected between men and women 6 months after an ON event.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 39 men and 105 women with acute ON underwent repeat visual and optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing. The main outcome measures were change in RNFL measurements for male and female patients 6 months after ON.Results: Men were older (mean age ϭ 39 years) than women (35 years) (p ϭ 0.05) in this study, and more men (62%) than women (41%) had a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) (p ϭ 0.02). Because age and MS subtype were 2 significant covariates, both variables were controlled for in multiple regression analyses. Other covariates controlled for in the multivariate regression included disease duration (years), use of disease-modifying therapy (yes/no), and use of high-dose corticosteroids for acute ON (yes/no). After 6 months, mean RNFL values were lower in men (74 m) than women (91 m) (p Ͻ 0.001). Men showed more apparent change in RNFL thickness in their ON eyes from baseline to 6 months after ON than women (p ϭ 0.003). Conclusions:There may be differences in recovery between men and women after ON, which can be difficult to detect with conventional visual testing. Our findings raise interesting questions about the potential influence of gender in MS, which may be explored in future studies. Neurology GLOSSARYCIS ϭ clinically isolated syndrome; DMT ϭ disease-modifying therapy; logMAR ϭ logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; MS ϭ multiple sclerosis; OCT ϭ optical coherence tomography; ON ϭ optic neuritis; RNFL ϭ retinal nerve fiber layer; RRMS ϭ relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; VA ϭ visual acuity; VF ϭ visual field.

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Section: Figure 2 Change In Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (Rnfl) Thicknesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific differences in retinal nerve fiber layer thinning after acute optic neuritis

et al. 2012

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“…(11,12). Additionally, animal models and clinical studies have shown that the perfusion of the optic nerve, retinal ganglion cells, and their supporting structures are increased by estradiol (13)(14)(15). Finally, estradiol has neuroprotective effect which appears to be mediated at least in part through estrogen receptors in the retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma animal models (4,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does HRT Change İntraocular Pressure in Postmenopausal Women ?

Özcan¹,

Tolunay²,

Özcan³

et al. 2017

Eastern J Med

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“…A recent example of the impact of estrogen on nerve tissue is seen in the retinal arterial blood flow in continuous HT users versus never users. Deschenes et al 24 concluded that Bestrogens and HT increase retinal blood flow and protect the retinal nerve layer. [ In ovariectomized rats, BE 2 treatment significantly increased retinal perfusionI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal stones, timing hypothesis, and eu-estrogenemia

Turner

Kerber²

2012

Menopause

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The timing hypothesis of Clarkson (Menopause 14:373-384; 2007) seems to explain the hazard ratio and CI of renal stones in the Women's Health Initiative. A closer analysis of the subgroups of women who had a higher incidence of renal stones suggests that the timing hypothesis may explain the results from the Women's Health Initiative versus previous studies such as the Nurses' Health Study. The CIs of the hazard ratios of the subgroups that did not overlap 1.0 included women 6 to 10 years beyond menopause, those who were aged from 60 to 64 years, and "never users" of hormone therapy. The hazard ratio for renal stones among "current users" in the Women's Health Initiative was 0.99. This analysis suggests that the timing hypothesis may affect estrogen receptor-α-mediated processes in the kidney. Furthermore, Clarkson's work may support the vascular etiology of renal stones.

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Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Increases Retinal Blood Flow and Protects the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer

Abstract: These findings indicate that estrogens and HT increase retinal blood flow and protect the retinal nerve fiber layer.

Cited by 78 publications

References 85 publications

Sex-specific differences in retinal nerve fiber layer thinning after acute optic neuritis

Sex-specific differences in retinal nerve fiber layer thinning after acute optic neuritis

Does HRT Change İntraocular Pressure in Postmenopausal Women ?

Renal stones, timing hypothesis, and eu-estrogenemia

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