At the time of globalisation business environment of a country is significantly affect success of domestic businesses, respectively their products, on foreign markets. Also, conditions for business of a state have an influence on its attractiveness for potential foreign investments. The paper provides results of the analysis and subsequent comparison of business environments of Slovakia and Czech Republic and other selected countries over 2014 -2015 on the basis of data provided by organisations dealing with business environment surveys such as the World Bank, World Economic Forum and Heritage Foundation. Critical insights, which could be instrumental for economic policy implications are formulated.
Since the quality of the business environment is decisive for the inflow of investments in the country, this paper is focused on a brief analysis of the Slovak business environment based on international indicators. Assessing the quality of the business environment is the assessment of the level of the individual components of the business environment. A high-quality business environment that creates the conditions for long-term economic growth is a basic precondition for business development and increasing the competitiveness of the country. Elements of the business environment in the country constitute a legislative framework for business and law enforcement, administrative and financial (tax and fee) burdens, interference with business freedom and business infrastructure (conditions, quality and availability of key factors of production and business services). It is clear from this that the business environment is a complex variable, including many areas. Therefore, this paper will point to some selected areas of business environment in Slovakia. A sustainable business environment constantly innovates and simplifies individual indicators affecting businesses on the market. The paper provides results of the analysis of business environments of Slovakia over 2012 -2018 (GCI) on the basis of data provided by organisations dealing with business environment surveys such as the World Bank and World Economic Forum.
Our study aims to analyze factors determining the green brand equity (GBE) based on a systematic literature review (SLR) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. We posed 3 research questions and searched five databases (Scopus, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Elsevier) for studies containing the term ‘green brand equity’ and the combination of two terms: ‘brand equity’ and ‘green’. Additionally, the backward and forward snowballing methods were applied. In our SLR, we included empirical studies published between 2006 and 2021 as peer-reviewed papers in English. Exclusion criteria included studies with theoretical models, studies describing brand equity not related to GBE, Ph.D. thesis, short reports, workshop papers, practice guidelines, book chapters, reviews, and conference publications. Finally, 33 articles were analyzed as part of the SLR in two fields: general information (authorship, year of publication, type of study, research country or location, sample size, and product categories), and research specifications (factors or variables, number and type of hypotheses, scale or measurement items, type of statistical analysis, and selected indicators of statistical methods). Image, trust, value, satisfaction, and loyalty appeared to be the most studied determinants of GBE. Less frequently analyzed were quality, awareness, attributes, particular promotional activities, and the fact of purchase. The results obtained are important in practical terms, showing what to consider when creating GBE in different categories of products and services.
In recent years, China's foreign direct investment (OFDI) has grown rapidly. While promoting economic development of a host country, it also has a certain impact on technological progress of a home country through the reverse technology spillover effect. However, the source of China's OFDI is not unevenly distributed, and OFDI of the Eastern coastal economically developed provinces and cities has the highest proportion. At the same time, due to large differences in economic development levels and technical levels of various provinces and cities, the absorption effect of OFDI reverse technology spillovers must be different. This paper takes the patent grant amount as a technical indicator and uses panel data on various provinces and cities in China to empirically test the reverse spillover effect of OFDI on China's technological progress and regional differences in it. Overall, there is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship observed between China's OFDI and domestic technological progress, but the correlation coefficient is not high. In terms of regions, the largest value is observed on the East, the second largest-on the West, and the smallest-in the Central region. The proportion of China's OFDI participating in foreign production and technology research and development is still relatively low, so the coefficient of influence on technological progress is not high. The government should actively guide and promote Chinese enterprises to increase foreign investment in production, research and development, and thus increase the contribution of OFDI to technological progress.
Nowadays, as one of the most important part of international trade, Service trade also affects the economic development of each country in the world. Although China's Educational exports have increased year by year, there are still trade deficits due to some reason. This paper mainly focuses on the local colleges and universities, and analyse the factors affecting the international sustainable competitiveness of the education exports of these institutions, based on Porter's national diamond model. And Finally, It put forward an effective way to enhance China's international sustainable competitiveness in the educational service market.
Since 2000s China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in developed economies has grown rapidly, boosting the technological advancement of Chinese companies and the advancement of global value chains. In the context of the United States continuing to impose investment restrictions on China, the EU has an important position in the OFDI pattern in China. Although China's OFDI in the EU has maintained rapid growth overall, the location distribution is not balanced. This paper uses spatial measurement method to test China's spatial pattern change of OFDI in EU member states and finds that there are spatial agglomeration effects and spatial spillover effects. The spatial panel analysis method is used to test the factors affecting the spatial distribution China's OFDI in EU. It is found that the market size, technology level and investment freedom of the host country have positive effects on the location selection of China's OFDI in EU.
Since 1989, daily press in Slovakia has been characterised by dynamic development, reflected, besides others, in a number of systemic changes, ownership relationships, typology, contents, circulations, readership, prices, advertising volumes or the number of dailies. Over the last years, the development of daily newspapers has been affected not only by legislation and economic impact (business environment, effects of the financial crisis, purchasing power of population, etc.) but also revolution in social habits of people resulting from the development of information and communications technology. The main objective of the research study is to analyse trends on the Slovak daily newspaper market between 2000 and 2014, focusing on analysing the development of the number of national dailies, their average price and advertising volume as independent variables and their overall single average circulation as a dependent variable and finding relationships between selected variables.
The article deals with the problem of modeling the effectiveness of the development of financial decentralization mechanisms. A conceptual approach is proposed, which allows to form a complex of models. The models allow to evaluate the socio-economic effects of financial decentralization increase; to determine the "threshold" value of the level of financial decentralization, upon which slowdown in economic growth may occur. The models are based on based on the principal components' method, canonical correlations, cluster analysis, Kohonen neural networks, the level of development method, production and institutional functions. The modeling results showed that a high level of financial decentralization is inherent to countries with a high level of economic development, where high quality institutional environment and administrative decentralization lead to the increase of the efficiency of the public sector functioning. At the same time, in countries with a high level of competitiveness and socio-economic development the gap between the growth rates of income and expenditure powers of budgets of various levels and the growth rate of GDP is growing. This fact reduces the level of budget and debt security. Models of production and institutional functions have been developed, countries with a "reference" development model have been identified, as well as groups of countries that would have a higher effect from the re-centralization of government finances or financial decentralization.
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