The phytochemical investigation of the DCM/MeOH (1:1) extract of the fruits of Cnestis ferruginea led to the isolation and characterization of one new quinic acid derivative, ferruginoic acid (1), together with six known compounds 2-7. Compounds 3-7 were reported for the first time from this species. The structures of compounds 1-7 were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, mass spectrometry and by comparison of spectroscopic data with those from the literature. The anticholinesterase (AChE and BChE) activity and DPPH free radical scavenging assay of compounds 1; 3; 4 and 7 were evaluated.Ferruginoic acid (1) exhibited moderate anticholinesterase activity with IC 50 value of 36.18±1.78 µg/mL against AChE. Compounds 3; 4 and 7 showed high activity against free radical (DPPH • ) scavenging assay (DPPH) with IC 50 values 40.09±0.96 µg/mL, 61.70±0.78 µg/mL and 41.87±0.62 µg/mL respectively. These results indicate that C. ferruginea and its constituents could be employed in the management of Alzheimer's disease.
Two novel dihydroxy-fatty acids, gilgianic acid (1), phenylgilgianic acid (2) together with four known compounds: ß-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), sitosterol-3-O-ß-D-glycoside (5) and lupeol (6) were isolated from the stem bark of Trichilia gilgiana. The structures of compounds 1–6 were elucidated based on spectroscopic (1 D and 2 D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS data as well as comparison with relevant literature data. This study reports for the first time the isolation of fatty acids from the genus Trichilia. Compounds 3–6 had already been isolated from trichilia genus. The crude extract and compounds 1–5 were tested for their inhibitory effect against a panel of bacterial strains using the microdilution technique with ampicillin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin as standard drugs. The crude extract and the tested compounds were found to exhibit significant activity against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella aerogenes with a MIC value of 2.3 µg/mL. Compounds 3 and 5 were also found to be active against Enterococcus faecalis with a MIC value of 2.3 µg/mL.
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