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This paper proposes a combined methodology for the quantitative analysis of the correlations between the monitored influencing environmental factors and the water saturation induced deterioration of earthen relics in a humid area. The Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City that have been exposed and severely damaged in a humid environment with high water content and dry–wet cycles are chosen as examples. A monitoring system including atmospheric, groundwater, soil moisture conditions, and images of the surface was installed. Based on the proposed methodology, 11 key influencing indexes involving groundwater, soil moisture and temperature at different depths, atmospheric radiation, and rainfall for the water saturation induced deterioration are investigated, and their correlation is described by a regression model. The weight rankings of influencing factors to the deterioration of the research area are calculated. The results can help quantitatively control the atmospheric environment where the earthen relics are located and can promote the conservation of the archaeological ruins in the humid environment.

Chlorine-containing volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) present in industrial exhaust gas can cause great harm to the human body and the environment. In order to further study the catalytic oxidation of CVOCs, an active site regulated RuOx/Sn0.2Ti0.8O2 catalyst with different Ru precursors was developed. With Dichloromethane as the model molecule, the activity test results showed that the optimization of Ru precursor using Ru colloid significantly increased the activity of the catalyst (T90 was reduced by about 90 °C when the Ru loading was 1 wt%). The analysis of characterization results showed that the improvement of the catalytic performance was mainly due to the improvement of the active species dispersion (the size of Ru cluster was reduced from 3–4 nm to about 1.3 nm) and the enhancement of the interaction between the active species and the support. The utilization efficiency of the active components was improved by nearly doubling TOF value, and the overall oxidation performance of the catalyst was also enhanced. The relationship between the Ru loading and the catalytic activity of the catalyst was also studied to better determine the optimal Ru loading. It could be found that with the increase in Ru loading, the dispersibility of RuOx species on the catalyst surface gradually decreased, despite the increase in their total amount. The combined influence of these two effects led to little change in the catalytic activity of the catalyst at first, and then a significant increase. Therefore, this research is meaningful for the efficient treatment of CVOCs and further reducing the content of active components in the catalysts.

This study aims to provide a reference for the protection of the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. As a basis for the further preservation of these cultural relics, it is essential to analyze the microflora colonizing these soil objects. To do that, samples with microbial characteristics were obtained and analyzed by SEM and metagenomic sequencing to reveal the constitute of the microflora. We investigated the biodegradation of the protective material-epoxy resin by microorganisms in the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, and found that they would interact with each other, which would affect the performance of the epoxy resin. The specific mechanism of action requires further investigations. We evaluated the effect of ethyl orthosilicate on soil properties. Interestingly, we found that excess ethyl orthosilicate added to the soil of the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City will cause a change in particle size and allowed the soil to condense in the laboratory. This indicates that the large use of orthosilicate may lead to intensified soil weathering, which in turn will cause soil erosion.

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