Microbial diversity of archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City and its correlation with environmental factors

Wang, Yu; Huang, Wenjing; Han, Yeqing; Huang, Xinduo; Wang, Cen; Ma, Kaixuan; Kong, Mengyue; Jiang, Nan; Pan, Jiao

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2022.105501

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The findings of the Mantel test revealed that the content of soil nitrate nitrogen was the main driving factor for the alpha diversity of soil fungi ( p < 0.05), while environmental factors had little effect on the structure, diversity, and species composition of the soil bacterial community, which were consistent with previous studies by Zhong et al and Wang et al [ 58 , 59 ], indicating that fungi may participate in the nitrification process of soil nitrogen. Moreover, soil fungi are important decomposing agents in ecosystems, participating in the decomposition and conversion of soil organic matter, and the diversity of fungi is closely related to soil fertility [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Grass–Legume Mixture with Rhizobium Inoculation Enhanced the Restoration Effects of Organic Fertilizer

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The establishment of artificial grassland is crucial in restoring degraded grassland and resolving the forage–livestock conflict, and the application of organic fertilizer and complementary seeding of grass–legume mixture are effective methods to enhance grass growth in practice. However, its mechanism behind the underground is largely unclear. Here, by utilizing organic fertilizer in the alpine region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, this study assessed the potential of grass–legume mixtures with and without the inoculation of Rhizobium for the restoration of degraded grassland. The results demonstrated that the application of organic fertilizer can increase the forage yield and soil nutrient contents of degraded grassland, and they were 0.59 times and 0.28 times higher than that of the control check (CK), respectively. The community composition and structure of soil bacteria and fungi were also changed by applying organic fertilizer. Based on this, the grass–legume mixture inoculated with Rhizobium can further increase the contribution of organic fertilizer to soil nutrients and thus enhance the restoration effects for degraded artificial grassland. Moreover, the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the colonization of gramineous plant by native mycorrhizal fungi, which was ~1.5–2.0 times higher than CK. This study offers a basis for the application of organic fertilizer and grass–legume mixture in the ecological restoration of degraded grassland.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Grass–Legume Mixture with Rhizobium Inoculation Enhanced the Restoration Effects of Organic Fertilizer

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…The number of genes related to acid tolerance and chemotaxis increased in bacteria living in granite, while bacteria living in limestone have more genes related to photosynthesis and radiation resistance ( Brewer and Fierer, 2018 ). The variety of eukaryotes considerably differed with different geographic locations rather than seasons and the diversity of prokaryotes in the archaeological limestone showed considerable temporal and regional changes ( Wang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Conservation Of Inorganic Deteriorated Archaeological Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New frontiers review of some recent conservation techniques of organic and inorganic archaeological artefacts against microbial deterioration

Geweely

2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The information on the advances and technology of some recent conservation methods (2020–2023) of organic and inorganic archaeological objects against microbial deterioration is recorded. An outline of comparative new protective methods for conserving plant-origin organic artefacts {Fibers (manuscripts, textile) and wood}, animal-origin organic artefacts (painting, parchment and mummies) and inorganic stone artefacts were investigated. The work not only contributes to the development of safe revolutionary ways for more efficient safe conservation of items of historical and cultural worth but also serves as a significant diagnostic signature for detecting the sorts of microbial identification and incidents in antiques. Biological technologies (environmentally friendly green biocides) are the most used recent, efficient and safe strategy acceptable as alternatives to stop microbial deterioration and prevent any potential interactions between the biological agent and the artefacts. Also, a synergistic effect of combining natural biocides with mechanical cleaning or chemical treatments was suggested. The recommended exploration techniques should be considered for future applications.

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“…There (34), analyzed the microbial community of of soil samples found within the Liangzhu City archaeological site. Both studies found microbial communities taken from site locations differed to control samples and discussed the potential role of microbes within preservation and degradation of the artefacts.…”

Section: Occupation Layer Significantly Impacted On Microbial Communi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, other than our previous study (10) there are no other studies detailing microbial communities within a Roman archaeological site. Instead, previous studies have linked microbial presence to deterioration of already excavated archaeological sites from different historical eras (33,34). This study aims to characterize the microbial community within layers of wellpreserved Roman occupation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological soil from Roman occupational layers can be differentiated by microbial and chemical signatures

Taylor

Williams²,

Halldórsdóttir³

et al. 2023

Front. Soil Sci.

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IntroductionSoil at the Roman site of Vindolanda (Northumberland, UK) provides excellent preservation of wooden artefacts including Roman writing tablets.MethodsIn this study we examined chemical and microbial signature changes within varied occupation contexts of archaeological soil. Analysis included investigating elemental composition, sterol biomarkers, bacterial diversity and community structures from excavation trenches at Vindolanda using pXRF, GC-MS and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Samples were taken from varying depths starting at topsoil and working down through layers of Roman occupation including one cavalry stable floor, two infantry barracks and a cook house, and layers which contained Roman writing tablets.Results and DiscussionThe chemical results indicate that areas where wooden artefacts were found had increased soil moisture which was also correlated with specific chemical conditions including shifts in iron, sulphur and phosphorous concentration. Steroid biomarkers indicate the presence of faecal matter in layers, supporting occupation descriptions. Overall microbial diversity did not change across the depth profile but was correlated with soil moisture. Anaerobic soils associated with more optimal preservation differed to other soils with increases in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Campilobacterota and Bacteroidota observed. Microbial community structure and putative function as revealed by PICRUSt2 is linked to occupation usage rather than depth of samples with laminated floor layers differing from turf structures. Understanding the complex processes within archaeological soil can help us to understand dynamics of decomposition and preservation. In addition, the apparent preservation of the environmental microbial community as well as the artefacts themselves allows us to understand the microbial environments of the past, how they relate to the present and what this means for our changing environments in the future.

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Microbial diversity of archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City and its correlation with environmental factors

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Grass–Legume Mixture with Rhizobium Inoculation Enhanced the Restoration Effects of Organic Fertilizer

Grass–Legume Mixture with Rhizobium Inoculation Enhanced the Restoration Effects of Organic Fertilizer

New frontiers review of some recent conservation techniques of organic and inorganic archaeological artefacts against microbial deterioration

Archaeological soil from Roman occupational layers can be differentiated by microbial and chemical signatures

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