High levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; M age = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress.

This study seeks to determine whether center-based and family-based child care services differ with respect to process quality, as measured by the Educative Quality Observation Scales (EQOS, Bourgon and Lavallée 2004a, b, c), for groups of children 18 months old and younger. It also seeks to identify structural variables associated with process quality in these settings. The study included two types of regulated child care settings located in the greater Montreal area (center-based: N = 53 and family-based: N = 36). Results indicate that process quality was lower in family-based child care than in center-based child care for the majority of elements measured by the EQOS. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that higher levels of process quality were associated with structural variables, including a lower adult-child ratio, the presence of more staff with specialized early childhood education training, and center-based care. The discussion focuses on strategies to improve these types of child care services.

CONTEXT: An updated synthesis of research on substance abuse prevention programs can promote enhanced uptake of programs with proven effectiveness, particularly when paired with information relevant to practitioners and policy makers.OBJECTIVE: To assess the strength of the scientific evidence for psychoactive substance abuse prevention programs for school-aged children and youth.DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was conducted of studies published up until March 31, 2020.STUDY SELECTION: Articles on substance abuse prevention programs for school-aged children and youth were independently screened and included if they met eligibility criteria: (1) the program was designed for a general population of children and youth (ie, not designed for particular target groups), (2) the program was delivered to a general population, (3) the program only targeted children and youth, and (4) the study included a control group.DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently evaluated study quality and extracted outcome data.

In the face of negative media attention, community members and Elders from the First Nation community of Maskwacis identified the importance of promoting community strengths and reframing perceptions of their community. Two research questions were addressed: (1) How do youth in Maskwacis view their community strengths? and (2) To what extent can photographs be used as a tool for reframing perceptions of an Indigenous community? A community-based participatory research approach was used for the current photovoice project, through which two Elders and eleven youth were engaged. Indigenous photographers trained youth participants, and Elders mentored youth to capture photographs that represented their community's strengths and resilience. Youth selected forty photos to display at a total of six photo exhibits, where feedback was gathered from 392 attendees using brief questionnaires. The content of their photos was analyzed using thematic analysis. This resulted in four themes that described the strengths of Maskwacis, reflecting the community's strong relationships, commitment to culture, the beautiful natural world that is a part of Maskwacis, and the community's ability to look toward the future. In addition, findings provide foundational support for the use of photographs to reframe perceptions of an Indigenous community. The majority (93%) of survey respondents provided examples of ways that viewing the photos had positively changed their perceptions of Maskwacis. This study prompts consideration of the strengths and resilience of other Indigenous communities facing similar social and health issues. Therefore, findings are highly relevant to paediatric health care providers seeking to provide culturally responsive care.

Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience a range of neurodevelopmental challenges, often compounded by social and environmental adversity. One of the most concerning outcomes that can be associated with FASD is involvement in the justice system, where individuals with FASD are vastly over-represented. Individuals with FASD who are both justice-involved and Indigenous experience added layers of marginalization. In this community-based study, we explored the needs of 16 adults who participated in an FASD-informed restorative justice program in an Indigenous community in Alberta, Canada. Clinical record reviews and client interviews were used to gather information. Diverse needs were identified, including pervasive neurodevelopmental difficulties, notable physical and mental health challenges, complex experiences of psychosocial trauma, and varied criminogenic needs. This study increases our understanding of the unique and complex biopsychosocial and criminogenic needs of Indigenous justice-involved adults with FASD. Such an understanding is a first step in developing tailored interventions for individuals with FASD and has important practice and policy implications for supporting positive outcomes. For Indigenous individuals with FASD, intervention efforts should be integrated within the community context to promote collective healing.